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[wiki]LTSPHowTo

发表于 : 2005-10-02 23:08
oneleaf
[WWW] Linux Terminal Server Project, as described on the top of their website:

LTSP is an add-on package for Linux that allows you to connect lots of low-powered thin client terminals to a Linux server. Applications typically run on the server, and accept input and display their output on the thin client display.

I'm writing this by installing LTSP on a clean box, and attempting to document every thing I do. Hopefully, that will make this how-to as complete as possible.
Ubuntu Installation

The first step, of course, is to install Ubuntu! I'm using the 4.10 stable WartyWarthog release, and only the Main repository. A typical desktop install is used, instead of Custom/Minimal: even though this will be a server, you'll want the complete set of desktop applications and X itself.

See also ThinClientHowto for info on how to install LTSP on more recent versions of Ubuntu.

Highly recomended, install SSH: SSHHowto

Since this is a server, you'll want a static network address.

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

For help editing /etc/network/interfaces, check out man 5 interfaces

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1

Obviously the above is just an example. Adjust to fit your own network. Restart networking to adopt your new IP!

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Installing dhcpd, tftpd, nfs

LTSP is a combination of existing protocols used together to boot diskless clients: dhcp, tftp, nfs, xdmcp. These do not all have to be run on the same server, it's quite possible to spead them out across many servers in a large deployment. I highly recomend reading the offical documentation to understand how the boot process works: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53

To keep this simple, we'll install everything on one Ubuntu server:

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server

Opening up portmap

For desktop security, Ubuntu's portmapper is set to only listen to localhost by default. However, that would prevent LTSP clients from connecting to our nfs-server.

sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap

Comment out the second line:

# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1"

Installing ltsp-utils

These instructions are based off of [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-4.1.html

First we download and install ltsp-utils. Head over here and grab the tarball: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz

tar xzvf ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz
cd ltsp-utils
sudo ./install.sh

However, ltspadmin won't run yet, it complains about needing the LWP Perl module. Luckly, this is right in Main, although it will take a few dependencies along for the ride.

sudo apt-get install libwww-perl

Now ltspadmin will run. You may want to download the packages first though.
Optional: Download LTSP Package ISO

Note that there are currently no up to date (ltsp-4.1) packages for Debian that I can find. Debian packages of LTSP would be a huge asset, much simplifying installation, maintance, and upgrading. I believe that creating Debian packages would be a very valuable way that Ubuntu could contribute back; given sufficient free time, I'm interested in learning how to create .debs for LTSP. Help welcome. -JoeZicarelli

There are two ways you can download the LTSP packages: Download a 100M ISO image, or, let the ltspadmin utility download packages from online. I highly recomend the .iso, as recently the download servers have been very slow, having a local copy of the packages may save future pain. Grab it here from your favorite mirror: [WWW] http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso

You can either burn the ISO and mount it, or simply mount it with the loopback device:

sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/

Installing LTSP

Now run ltspadmin:

sudo ltspadmin

If you downloaded the ISO of packages as described above: select Configure the installer options. At the prompt Where to retrieve packages from?, enter in the path to the mounted packages: [WWW] file:///mnt/ltsp

To install, select Install/Update LTSP Packages. This brings up a package-selection menu: you can hit A to select everything, and then Q to leave the menu. It'll ask you if your sure; y to actually install.

Now run through Configure LTSP and configure everything!
Moving LTSP's tftpboot

Ubuntu expects files benig served by tftp to be in /var/lib/tftpboot/, while LTSP put them in /tftpboot/, so we'll just move them and delete the empty /tftboot/:

sudo mv /tftpboot/lts /var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo rmdir /tftpboot

Client Configuration

The individual clients need to be configured, this is done in the following files:

*

/etc/dhcp3/dhcp.conf
*

/etc/hosts
*

/opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf

Refer to the offical docs for help: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... tml#AEN524
XKB Error

LTSP 4.1 runs xorg, while Ubuntu 4.10 WartyWarthog runs xfree. This generates an XKB Error when logging remotly with XDMCP. Something like:

Error activating XKB configuration.
Probably internal X server proublem.

X server version data:
The X.Org Foundation
60801099

If you report this situation as a bug, please include:
- The result of xprop -root | grep XKB
- The result of gconftool-2 -R /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/xkb

This can be fixed with two symbolic links:

sudo ln -s /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86 /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg
sudo ln -s /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86.lst /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst

I don't believe this will be an issue for Ubuntu HoaryHedgehog, as xfree is no longer used.
Test a Workstation!

Hopefuly it'll work! ;-)
Moving Forward.

To get a working 2.6.x Kernel working with LTSP or get HAL and D-Bus to work in 2.4.x ;-)


https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTSPHowTo

发表于 : 2005-10-05 0:35
edward800818
[WWW] Linux Terminal Server Project, as described on the top of their website:

LTSP is an add-on package for Linux that allows you to connect lots of low-powered thin client terminals to a Linux server. Applications typically run on the server, and accept input and display their output on the thin client display.
LTSPHowTo LTSP使用指南
LTSP 是Linux Terminal Sever project 的缩写(意为Linux终端-服务器项目
在对应的英文网站上是这样解释LTSP这一缩写的。
LTSP 是一个可以添加(安装)在Linux上的一个软件包。使用这个软件包可以将很多低性能的客户端联接到一个Linux 服务器上。Linux 服务器上接受来自客户端的输入,运行相应的应用程序,并将输出结果显示在客户端上。
I'm writing this by installing LTSP on a clean box, and attempting to document every thing I do. Hopefully, that will make this how-to as complete as possible.
Ubuntu Installation
我写作该文档是基于我在一台全新的机器上安装使用的经验。我希望把我在所做的记录在这个文档里。希望大家也能将自己的经验补充进来,以使该文档尽可能的完备。
Ubuntu的安装
The first step, of course, is to install Ubuntu! I'm using the 4.10 stable WartyWarthog release, and only the Main repository. A typical desktop install is used, instead of Custom/Minimal: even though this will be a server, you'll want the complete set of desktop applications and X itself.
第一步当然是安装Ubuntu.我安装的是4.10 stable WartyWarthog release(Ubuntu的一个版本),并且我只安装了主软件库(the Main repository)。我是典型桌面安装,不是自定义安装,也不是最小安装。安装Ubuntu的机器将作为一个服务器使用,应该装上全套的桌面应用程序和X(指X Window)。
See also ThinClientHowto for info on how to install LTSP on more recent versions of Ubuntu.
参见《低性能客户端指南》,从中可以找到有关在更新的Ubuntu版本上安装LTSP软件包的信息。
Highly recomended, install SSH: SSHHowto
推荐大家安装SSH:参见《SSH指南》
Since this is a server, you'll want a static network address.
既然是用做服务器,你就需要有一个静态网址。
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
(输入以上内容)
For help editing /etc/network/interfaces, check out man 5 interfaces
想在编辑/etc/network/interfaces文件时得到帮助请查阅man 5 interfaces (在终端中输入man 5 interfaces )
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
(编辑/etc/network/interfaces 文件的一个实例)
Obviously the above is just an example. Adjust to fit your own network. Restart networking to adopt your new IP!
显然以上只是一个例子。你应该根据自己的网络情况做具体调整。
重启网络以采用你的新IP地址。
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart (输入内容)
先到这儿,以后继续。

发表于 : 2005-10-05 10:39
edward800818
Installing dhcpd, tftpd, nfs

LTSP is a combination of existing protocols used together to boot diskless clients: dhcp, tftp, nfs, xdmcp. These do not all have to be run on the same server, it's quite possible to spead them out across many servers in a large deployment. I highly recomend reading the offical documentation to understand how the boot process works: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53

安装 dhcpd, tftpd, nfs
LTSP集合了现有的,协同工作以引导无盘客户端的各种协议,包括dhcp, tftp, nfs, xdmcp。所有这些协议不一定要都运行在同一个服务器端。在大型的网络布置中我们很可能会把这些协议分别安装在很多不同的服务器端上。我建议阅读官方文档以便于大家理解引导的过程和机制。官方文档网址如下
http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53

发表于 : 2005-10-05 10:58
edward800818
To keep this simple, we'll install everything on one Ubuntu server:

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server

Opening up portmap

For desktop security, Ubuntu's portmapper is set to only listen to localhost by default. However, that would prevent LTSP clients from connecting to our nfs-server.

sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap

Comment out the second line:

# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1"
为了简化起见,我将把所有的协议安装在同一个Ubuntu客户端上。
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server(输入内容)
打开端口地图
出于桌面安全的考虑,在默认情况下Ubuntu将端口地图设置成只监听本地主机。但是这样的设置会阻止LTSP客户端联接nfs服务器。
sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap(输入内容)
添加注释
# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1" (输入内容)

发表于 : 2005-10-05 11:14
edward800818
Installing ltsp-utils

These instructions are based off of [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-4.1.html

First we download and install ltsp-utils. Head over here and grab the tarball: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz

tar xzvf ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz
cd ltsp-utils
sudo ./install.sh
安装ltsp-utils
以下是基于http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-4.1.html上的内容
我们先下载和安装ltsp-utils。
http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz(下载地址)
tar xzvf ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz
cd ltsp-utils
sudo ./install.sh (安装时输入的内容)

However, ltspadmin won't run yet, it complains about needing the LWP Perl module. Luckly, this is right in Main, although it will take a few dependencies along for the ride.

sudo apt-get install libwww-perl

Now ltspadmin will run. You may want to download the packages first though.
Optional: Download LTSP Package ISO
但是安装完成后,ltspadmin还不能够运行,屏幕会显示需要LWP Perl模板。不过,我们很幸运,这一模板可以在主软件库中找到,尽管还要先解决几个软件依赖的问题。
sudo apt-get install libwww-perl(输入内容)
现在ltspadmin 就可以运行了。但是你也许会先下载
LTSP软件包。
另一个选择:下载LTSP 软件包的ISO文件。

发表于 : 2005-10-05 11:31
edward800818
Note that there are currently no up to date (ltsp-4.1) packages for Debian that I can find. Debian packages of LTSP would be a huge asset, much simplifying installation, maintance, and upgrading. I believe that creating Debian packages would be a very valuable way that Ubuntu could contribute back; given sufficient free time, I'm interested in learning how to create .debs for LTSP. Help welcome. -JoeZicarelli
注意,我现在还找不到用于Debian上的最新的LTSP软件包(版本为ltsp-4.1)。如果有了用于Debian上的LTSP软件包,将极大的简化LTSP的安装,维护,升级。因此
用于Debian上的最新的LTSP软件包将对我们非常有用。
我相信制作出DebianLTSP软件包将是Ubuntu对于
Debian 的极有价值的回赠。如果有充分的时间,我很想学习制作DebianLTSP软件包。欢迎帮助我。我是
JoeZicarelli 。

发表于 : 2005-10-05 11:44
edward800818
There are two ways you can download the LTSP packages: Download a 100M ISO image, or, let the ltspadmin utility download packages from online. I highly recomend the .iso, as recently the download servers have been very slow, having a local copy of the packages may save future pain. Grab it here from your favorite mirror: [WWW] http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso

You can either burn the ISO and mount it, or simply mount it with the loopback device:

sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/
有两种方式可以下载LTSP软件包:下载一个100M的ISO文件,或者使用ltspadmin工具在线下载。我建议大家下载ISO,因为最近下载服务器很忙;如果在自己机器上有一份LTSP软件包可以省去将来的麻烦。
从此处选择你喜欢的镜像网站下载。
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso
你可以将ISO烧制出来,也可以将它挂载,或者使用loopback工具挂载。
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/ (输入的内容)

发表于 : 2005-10-05 15:12
leal
edward800818 写了:[WWW] Linux Terminal Server Project, as described on the top of their website:

LTSP is an add-on package for Linux that allows you to connect lots of low-powered thin client terminals to a Linux server. Applications typically run on the server, and accept input and display their output on the thin client display.
LTSPHowTo LTSP使用指南
LTSP 是Linux Terminal Sever project 的缩写(意为Linux终端-服务器项目
在对应的英文网站上是这样解释LTSP这一缩写的。
LTSP 是一个可以添加(安装)在Linux上的一个软件包。使用这个软件包可以将很多低性能的客户端联接到一个Linux 服务器上。Linux 服务器上接受来自客户端的输入,运行相应的应用程序,并将输出结果显示在客户端上。
Linux Terminal Server Project(Linux终端服务器项目),正如其网站顶部所描述的那样:
LTSP是个(专为)Linux(设计的)附加(插件)包,允许你把大量低性能的瘦客户终端连接到一台Linux服务器上。应用程序一般都运行在服务器上,接收输入并把它们的输出结果显示在瘦客户端显示器上。
edward800818 写了: I'm writing this by installing LTSP on a clean box, and attempting to document every thing I do. Hopefully, that will make this how-to as complete as possible.
Ubuntu Installation
我写作该文档是基于我在一台全新的机器上安装使用的经验。我希望把我在所做的记录在这个文档里。希望大家也能将自己的经验补充进来,以使该文档尽可能的完备。

Ubuntu的安装
通过在一台裸机上安装LTSP、并试图记录我所做的每件事这一途径,我编写了这份文档。希望这样能令这份指南尽可能的完备。

Ubuntu的安装
edward800818 写了: The first step, of course, is to install Ubuntu! I'm using the 4.10 stable WartyWarthog release, and only the Main repository. A typical desktop install is used, instead of Custom/Minimal: even though this will be a server, you'll want the complete set of desktop applications and X itself.
第一步当然是安装Ubuntu.我安装的是4.10 stable WartyWarthog release(Ubuntu的一个版本),并且我只安装了主软件库(the Main repository)。我是典型桌面安装,不是自定义安装,也不是最小安装。安装Ubuntu的机器将作为一个服务器使用,应该装上全套的桌面应用程序和X(指X Window)。
第一步,当然是安装Ubuntu了!我使用的是4.10稳定 WartyWarthog 发布版,并且只用了Main软件库。我选择了典型桌面安装,而非Custom/Minimal(定制或最小化)安装:尽管(要安装Ubuntu的)机器是要作为一台服务器使用,你或许想用上全套的桌面应用程序和X本身。
edward800818 写了: See also ThinClientHowto for info on how to install LTSP on more recent versions of Ubuntu.
参见《低性能客户端指南》,从中可以找到有关在更新的Ubuntu版本上安装LTSP软件包的信息。
关于如何在更新版本的Ubuntu上安装LTSP的信息,还可参看ThinClientHowto。
edward800818 写了: Highly recomended, install SSH: SSHHowto
推荐大家安装SSH:参见《SSH指南》
Since this is a server, you'll want a static network address.
既然是用做服务器,你就需要有一个静态网址。
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
(输入以上内容)
极力推荐安装SSH:SSHHowto
既然机器是用作服务器的,你还得要一个静态网址。
edward800818 写了: For help editing /etc/network/interfaces, check out man 5 interfaces
想在编辑/etc/network/interfaces文件时得到帮助请查阅man 5 interfaces (在终端中输入man 5 interfaces )
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
(编辑/etc/network/interfaces 文件的一个实例)
编辑/etc/network/interfaces需要帮助,请查阅man 5 interfaces(命令的)输出
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
edward800818 写了: Obviously the above is just an example. Adjust to fit your own network. Restart networking to adopt your new IP!
显然以上只是一个例子。你应该根据自己的网络情况做具体调整。
重启网络以采用你的新IP地址。
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart (输入内容)
先到这儿,以后继续。
显而易见,上面只是一个示例。根据自己的网络设置做相应调整。重启网络以启用你的新IP地址!

发表于 : 2005-10-05 16:05
leal
edward800818 写了:Installing dhcpd, tftpd, nfs

LTSP is a combination of existing protocols used together to boot diskless clients: dhcp, tftp, nfs, xdmcp. These do not all have to be run on the same server, it's quite possible to spead them out across many servers in a large deployment. I highly recomend reading the offical documentation to understand how the boot process works: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53

安装 dhcpd, tftpd, nfs
LTSP集合了现有的,协同工作以引导无盘客户端的各种协议,包括dhcp, tftp, nfs, xdmcp。所有这些协议不一定要都运行在同一个服务器端。在大型的网络布置中我们很可能会把这些协议分别安装在很多不同的服务器端上。我建议阅读官方文档以便于大家理解引导的过程和机制。官方文档网址如下
http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53
安装dhcpd、tftpd和nfs
LTSP集合了现有的可一起用来引导无盘客户端的各种协议,包括dhcp、tftp、nfs和xdmcp等。这些协议不用非得全都运行在同一台服务器上,在大型网络部署中极有可能把它们分布安装在多台服务器上。我强烈建议你阅读一下官方文档以理解引导过程的工作原理: [WWW] http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53

发表于 : 2005-10-05 16:11
leal
edward800818 写了:To keep this simple, we'll install everything on one Ubuntu server:

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server

Opening up portmap

For desktop security, Ubuntu's portmapper is set to only listen to localhost by default. However, that would prevent LTSP clients from connecting to our nfs-server.

sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap

Comment out the second line:

# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1"
为了简化起见,我将把所有的协议安装在同一个Ubuntu客户端上。
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server(输入内容)
打开端口地图
出于桌面安全的考虑,在默认情况下Ubuntu将端口地图设置成只监听本地主机。但是这样的设置会阻止LTSP客户端联接nfs服务器。
sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap(输入内容)
添加注释
# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1" (输入内容)
为简单起见,我们把所有协议都装在同一台Ubuntu服务器上:
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server

开启portmap

出于桌面安全考虑,Ubuntu的portmapper缺省设置为只侦听localhost。但是这样就会阻止LTSP客户端连接到我们的nfs-server(服务器)上。

sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap

把第二行注释掉:

# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1"

发表于 : 2005-10-05 16:29
leal
edward800818 写了:There are two ways you can download the LTSP packages: Download a 100M ISO image, or, let the ltspadmin utility download packages from online. I highly recomend the .iso, as recently the download servers have been very slow, having a local copy of the packages may save future pain. Grab it here from your favorite mirror: [WWW] http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso

You can either burn the ISO and mount it, or simply mount it with the loopback device:

sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/
有两种方式可以下载LTSP软件包:下载一个100M的ISO文件,或者使用ltspadmin工具在线下载。我建议大家下载ISO,因为最近下载服务器很忙;如果在自己机器上有一份LTSP软件包可以省去将来的麻烦。
从此处选择你喜欢的镜像网站下载。
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso
你可以将ISO烧制出来,也可以将它挂载,或者使用loopback工具挂载。
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/ (输入的内容)
你可以通过两种方法下载LTSP安装包:下载100M大小的ISO镜像文件,或让ltspadmin工具在线下载所有包。我极力推荐下载.iso,因为近期下载服务器一直很慢,有份安装包本地副本或能省去不少麻烦。选择你最喜欢的镜像站点下载:[WWW] http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso

你可以把ISO镜像文件刻录到盘上然后挂载,或者直接作为loopback设备挂载该ISO文件:

sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/

发表于 : 2005-10-05 19:27
edward800818
安装LTSP软件包
运行ltspadmin
sudo ltspadmin (输入内容)
如果你下载的是如上所述的软件包的ISO镜像文件,那么选择Configure(配置)安装选项。在弹出Where to retrieve packages from(从哪里取得软件包)时,输入你挂载软件包的路径:file:///mnt/ltsp
要安装请选择Install/Update LTSP Packages(安装/升级LTSP软件包)。点选后,会出现软件包选择菜单,
敲击字母A全选,Q离开菜单。安装进程会询问是否确定,键入y确定,开始实际安装。现在运行Configure LTSP,配置所有事项。
移动LTSP的tftpboot的位置
Ubuntu需要将由tftp处理的文件放在/var/lib/tftpboot/目录中,然而LTSP安装程序将其放在/tftpboot/中,所以我们需要将这些文件移动到/var/lib/tftpboot/中,并将空文件夹/tftboot/删除。
sudo mv /tftpboot/lts /var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo rmdir /tftpboot(输入内容)
客户端配置
需要配置客户端,配置工作在下列文件中完成。
/etc/dhcp3/dhcp.conf
/etc/hosts
/opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf
参见以下官方文档以获取帮助
http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... tml#AEN524
XKB错误
LTSP 4.1运行的是xorg( XWindow的一个版本),而Ubuntu 4.10 WartyWarthog运行的是xfree(XWindow的另一个版本)。这会在使用XDMCP远程登陆时出现XKB错误,屏幕显示如下:
Error activating XKB configuration.
Probably internal X server proublem.

X server version data:
The X.Org Foundation
60801099

If you report this situation as a bug, please include:
- The result of xprop -root | grep XKB
- The result of gconftool-2 -R /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/xkb
这个问题可以用下面的两行解决
sudo ln -s /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86 /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg
sudo ln -s /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86.lst /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst
我相信在Ubuntu HoaryHedgehog 上不会成问题,因为Ubuntu HoaryHedgehog 上已经不再使用xfree了。
检测工作站
希望它运行良好!
继续前进
要有工作在2.6.x Kernel中的LTSP或工作在2.4.x中的HAL和D-Bus。
资料来源
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTSPHowTo

发表于 : 2005-10-05 20:28
edward800818
LTSPHowTo LTSP使用指南


LTSP 是Linux Terminal Sever project 的缩写(意为Linux终端-服务器项目),正如其网站顶部所描述的那样



LTSP是个(专为)Linux(设计的)附加(插件)包,允许你把大量低性能的瘦客户终端连接到一台Linux服务器上。应用程序一般都运行在服务器上,接收输入并把它们的输出结果显示在瘦客户端显示器上。
通过在一台裸机上安装LTSP、并试图记录我所做的每件事,通过这一途径,我编写了这份文档。希望这样能令这份指南尽可能的完备。


Ubuntu的安装
第一步,当然是安装Ubuntu了!我使用的是4.10稳定 WartyWarthog 发布版,并且只用了Main软件库。我选择了典型桌面安装,而非Custom/Minimal(定制或最小化)安装:尽管(要安装Ubuntu的)机器是要作为一台服务器使用,你或许想用上全套的桌面应用程序和X本身。
关于如何在更新版本的Ubuntu上安装LTSP的信息,还可参看ThinClientHowto。
极力推荐安装SSH:参见《SSH指南》
既然机器是用作服务器的,你还得要一个静态网址。
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
编辑/etc/network/interfaces需要帮助,请查阅man 5 interfaces(命令的)输出
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
显而易见,上面只是一个示例。根据自己的网络设置做相应调整。重启网络以启用你的新IP地址!
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


安装 dhcpd, tftpd, nfs
LTSP集合了现有的可一起用来引导无盘客户端的各种协议,包括dhcp、tftp、nfs和xdmcp等。所有这些协议不一定要都运行在同一个服务器端。在大型网络部署中极有可能把它们分布安装在多台服务器上。我强烈建议你阅读一下官方文档以理解引导过程的工作原理:
http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... html#AEN53
为简单起见,我们把所有协议都装在同一台Ubuntu服务器上:
sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa nfs-kernel-server


开启portmap
出于桌面安全考虑,Ubuntu的portmapper缺省设置为只侦听localhost。但是这样就会阻止LTSP客户端连接到我们的nfs-server(服务器)上。
sudo gedit /etc/default/portmap
把第二行注释掉:

# By default, listen only on the loopback interface
# ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1"



安装ltsp-utils
以下是基于http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-4.1.html上的内容
我们先下载和安装ltsp-utils。
http://www.ltsp.org/ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz(下载地址)
tar xzvf ltsp-utils-0.10.tgz
cd ltsp-utils
sudo ./install.sh
但是安装完成后,ltspadmin还不能够运行,屏幕会显示需要LWP Perl模板。不过,很幸运,这一模板可以在主软件库中找到,尽管还要先解决几个软件依赖的问题。
sudo apt-get install libwww-perl
现在ltspadmin 就可以运行了。但是你也许会先下载 这些LWP Perl模板及其相关的软件包。


另一个选择:下载LTSP 软件包的ISO文件。
注意,我现在还找不到用于Debian上的最新的LTSP软件包(版本为ltsp-4.1)。如果有了用于Debian上的LTSP软件包,将极大的简化LTSP的安装,维护,升级。因此用于Debian上的最新的LTSP软件包将对我们非常有用。
我相信制作出DebianLTSP软件包将是Ubuntu对于
Debian 的极有价值的回赠。如果有充分的空闲时间,我很想学习制作DebianLTSP软件包。欢迎帮助我。我是 JoeZicarelli 。
你可以通过两种方法下载LTSP安装包:下载100M大小的ISO镜像文件,或让ltspadmin工具在线下载所有包。我极力推荐下载.iso,因为近期下载服务器一直很慢,有份安装包本地副本或能省去不少麻烦。选择你最喜欢的镜像站点下载:
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ltsp/ltsp-4.1-0.iso
你可以把ISO镜像文件刻录到盘上然后挂载,或者直接作为loopback设备挂载该ISO文件:
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mkdir /mnt/ltsp
sudo mount -o loop ltsp-4.1-0.iso /mnt/ltsp/



安装LTSP软件包
运行ltspadmin
sudo ltspadmin
如果你下载的是如上所述的软件包的ISO镜像文件,那么选择Configure the installer options。在弹出Where to retrieve packages from(从哪里取得软件包)时,输入你挂载软件包的路径:file:///mnt/ltsp 。要安装,请选择Install/Update LTSP Packages(安装/升级LTSP软件包)。然后出现软件包选择菜单,敲击字母A全选,Q离开菜单。安装进程会询问是否确定,键入y确定,开始实际安装。
现在运行Configure LTSP,配置所有事项。



移动LTSP的tftpboot的位置
Ubuntu需要将由tftp处理的文件放在/var/lib/tftpboot/目录中,然而LTSP安装程序将其放在/tftpboot/中,所以我们需要将这些文件移动到/var/lib/tftpboot/中,并将空文件夹/tftboot/删除。
sudomv/tftpboot/lts/var/lib/tftpboot/
sudo rmdir /tftpboot



客户端配置
需要配置客户端,配置工作在下列文件中完成。
/etc/dhcp3/dhcp.conf
/etc/hosts
/opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf
参见以下官方文档以获取帮助
http://www.ltsp.org/documentation/ltsp- ... tml#AEN524



XKB错误
LTSP 4.1运行的是xorg( XWindow的一个版本),而Ubuntu 4.10 WartyWarthog运行的是xfree(XWindow的另一个版本)。这会在使用XDMCP远程登陆时产生XKB错误,屏幕显示如下:
Error activating XKB configuration.
Probably internal X server proublem.

X server version data:
The X.Org Foundation
60801099

If you report this situation as a bug, please include:
- The result of xprop -root | grep XKB
- The result of gconftool-2 -R /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/xkb
这个问题可以用下面的两行命令解决:
sudo ln -s /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86 /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg
sudo ln -s /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86.lst /etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst
我相信这在Ubuntu HoaryHedgehog 上不会成问题,因为Ubuntu HoaryHedgehog 上已经不再使用xfree了。



检测工作站
希望它运行良好!


继续前进
要有在2.6.x Kernel中工作的LTSP或在2.4.x中工作的HAL和D-Bus。


资料来源
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTSPHowTo

欢迎阅读指正。

发表于 : 2005-10-08 15:02
leal
edward800818

翻译的 段落/行间空格 应该尽量和原文一致,方便oneleaf编辑 :)

发表于 : 2005-11-01 14:28
oneleaf