[wiki]Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) How-To

oneleaf · #1

* Installation
* Mount and unmount various media
* Create and play ISOs
* Create and verify MD5 checksums
* Configure SSH for CUCS and Remote Desktop to djm4104

Installation

1. Install Ubuntu
2. Relocate home directory
3. Update and upgrade package sources
4. Install nVidia driver
5. Enable 5-button mouse
6. Enable DMA
7. Fix sound
8. Customize themes and fonts
9. Add extra repositories
10. Install:
* LaTeX
* Fonts
* Java - Sun Java
* Editor - JEdit
* E-mail client - Thunderbird
* PDF reader - Adobe Acrobat Reader
* Flash player
* Codecs
* Media Players - Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC
* MIDI player - Timidity
* CD burner - Gnome Baker
* CD ripper - Sound Juicer
* Disk Partition Utility - GPartEd
* Games - ScummVM
* Development tools

Relocate home directory

1.

sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive
sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/newdrive/
sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive/home.new
sudo cp -R -p /home/[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/
sudo chown [user]:[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/[user]
sudo unmount /mnt/newdrive/

2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [F1], and login.

sudo pico /etc/fstab

Add the following line immediately after lines for the main and swap partitions:

/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Press [CTRL] + to save the file. Press [CTRL] + [x] to exit Pico.

sudo mv /home /home.old
sudo mkdir /home
sudo mount -a

Update and upgrade packages

1.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Install nVidia drivers

1.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-settings
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.nvidia-driver.backup
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

2.

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop

and add the following into the new file:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=NVIDIA Settings
Comment=NVIDIA Settings
Exec=nvidia-settings
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

3. This step disables the splash screen.

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

and find the following section:

...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...

and append the following line to this section:

Option "NoLogo"

4. Restart GNOME by pressing [CTRL] + [ALT] + [BACKSPACE].

Enable 5-button mouse

1.

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.5-button-mouse.backup

2.

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Replace:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "mouse.usb"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "YES"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

With:

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "mouse.usb"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
Option "Buttons" "7"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

Enable DMA

(See http://ubuntuguide.org/#speedupcddvdrom.)

1.

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

2. Append the following to the /etc/hdparm.conf

/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}

3. Repeat the above for /dev/cdrom1

Fix sound

(See http://ubuntuguide.org/#configuresoundproperly.)
Customize theme and fonts

1.

gnome-theme-manager

Click "Theme Details", and set "Set Controls = Glider, Window Border = Mist, Icons = GNOME".
2.

gnome-font-properties

Set "App = Sans 8, Desktop = Sans 8, Window title = Sans 8, Terminal = FreeMono 10".

Always use browser in Nautilus

1.

gconf-editor

Select "apps / nautilus / preferences" and check "always use browser".

Add extra repositories
# http://ubuntuguide.org/#extrarepositories # Also, move the line referencing the install CD to the bottom of the file.

1.

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following lines:

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted

# Example sources.list for Ubuntu 5.10 "The Breezy Badger" release

## All officially supported packages, including security- and other updates

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

## All community supported packages, including security- and other updates

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse

## libdvdcss2, w32codecs
# deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main

# deb http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net/ breezy-extras-staging main restricted universe multiverse

# deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
# deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./

## hoary-extras - the most widely used source for packages not includded in Ubuntu
## no guarantees on working - not enabled by default
# deb http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/ubuntu-backports/ hoary-extras main universe multiverse restricted

3.

sudo apt-get update

Install Fonts (Microsoft Fonts)

1.

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

Install Codecs

(See http://ubuntuguide.org/#codecs.)

1. Add extra repositories.
2.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following line at the bottom:

deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main

Save and close the file.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Remove or comment out the following line:

deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main

Save and close the file.

sudo apt-get update

3. In case previous step didn't work, install w32codecs and DeCSS2 manually: Save w32codecs_20050412-0.0_i386.deb to home directory from here or here.

cd ~/
sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_*.deb
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh

4.

sudo apt-get install libmad0 libdvdread3

5.

sudo apt-get install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools vorbis-tools

6.

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-misc gstreamer0.8-plugins gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg
gst-register-0.8

Install Media Players (Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC)

1. Totem-xine (see further instructions for post-installation setup):

sudo apt-get install totem-xine
gedit ~/.xine/config

At the appropriate line, set:

video.driver:xv

2. gxine (see further instructions for post-installation setup):

sudo apt-get install gxine
gedit ~/.gxine/config

At the appropriate line, set:

video.driver:xv

3. MPlayer:

sudo apt-get install mplayer-386 mozilla-mplayer
sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf

Replace:

vo=x11,

With:

vo=xv,

4. VLC:

sudo apt-get install vlc

Setup Xine/gxine

1.

xine-check

2. To fix WMV playback (only if it is broken):

cp ~/.xine/catalog.cache ~/.xine/catalog.cache.backup
gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache

Find the following section:

[/usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.0.0/xineplug_decode_w32dll.so]
size=173768
mtime=1112804124
type=131
api=15
id=win32a
version=10000
supported_types=50593792 52428800 52822016 ... (long line truncated)
decoder_priority=1

Replace (in this section only):

decoder_priority=1

With:

decoder_priority=7

3. To make gxine the default media player (NOT recommended since Totem-xine is much better) :

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/gxine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
killall gnome-panel
killall nautilus

4. To make gxine the default DVD player (NOT recommended since Totem-xine is much better):

gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "gxine dvd://"

5. To install gxine plugin for Firefox (NOT recommended since Totem-xine is much better):

sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.a /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.la /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/

Install MIDI player (Timidity)

1.

sudo apt-get install timidity timidity-interfaces-extra freepats

Play MIDI

1. To run the Timidity player with the GTK GUI:

timidity -ig [file]

Mount

1. EXT3 partition:

sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 [mount_point_dir]

2. NTFS partition:

sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

3. FAT32 partition:

sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

4. CD/DVD:

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

5. ISO:

sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop -r

Unmount

1.

sudo umount [mount_point_dir]

2. Force unmount (if previous step doesn't work):

sudo umount [mount_point_dir] -l

Create ISO

1. From CD/DVD (replace [device] with dvd, cdrom, or cdrom1):

dd if=/dev/[device] of=file.iso bs=1024

2. From directory:

mkisofs -o file.iso [dir]

Play ISO

1. Install, setup and run gxine.
2. Select "File / Preferences... / Media (tab) / DVD (tab)".
3. Change DVD location from "/dev/dvd" to "/.../file.iso".

MD5 Checksum

1. Create:

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

2. Verify:

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

Install Java (Sun Java)

(See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/JavaPackageBuildNewVersions.)

1.

sudo apt-get install java-package java-common

2. Download JRE Linux Self-Extracting File from http://java.sun.com (jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin or something similar, NOT the RPM).

sudo apt-get install fakeroot
fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin
sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update05_i386.deb

3.

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Select the sun java option.

Install Editor (JEdit)

1. Install Java.
2.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following lines:

deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./

Save and close the file.
3.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jedit

4.

sudo gedit /usr/bin/jedit

Replace:

... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" $@

With:

... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" -reuseview $@

Install LaTeX

1.

sudo apt-get install tetex-base tetex-bin tetex-extra

Install Development Tools

1. Basic compilers and tools:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install manpages-dev autoconf automake libtool
sudo apt-get install flex bison gcc-doc g++

2. OpenGL and SDL development:

sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev nvidia-glx-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl-sound1.2-dev libsdl-net1.2-dev

3. To build MPlayer:

sudo apt-get install x-window-system-dev libgtk1.2-dev libpng-dev libxxf86vm-dev

Install Menu Editor (SMeg)

1.

sudo apt-get install smeg

Install CD Burner (GnomeBaker)

1.

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

Install PDF Viewers (Acroread)

1.

sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread

2.

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

Replace:

application/pdf=evince.desktop

With:

application/pdf=AdobeReader.desktop

Install Flash Player

1.

sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla

Install E-mail Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)

1.

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

Install Disk Partition Utility (GPartEd)

1.

sudo apt-get install gparted

Install Games (ScummVM)

1.

sudo apt-get install scummvm
sudo apt-get install beneath-a-steel-sky flight-of-the-amazon-queen

Configure SSH for Cornell CS

(See http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/.)

1.

pico ~/.ssh/config

Add the following to the file:

host herakles
hostname herakles.cs.cornell.edu
user djm
ForwardAgent yes
LocalForward 2001 lion.cs.cornell.edu:22
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/herakles/id_dsa

host lion
hostname localhost
user djm
ForwardX11 yes
port 2001
LocalForward 2002 smtp.cs.cornell.edu:25
LocalForward 2003 popsrv.cs.cornell.edu:110
LocalForward 2004 blather.cs.cornell.edu:515
LocalForward 2005 falcon.cs.cornell.edu:139
LocalForward 2006 cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139
LocalForward 2007 djm4104.u.cs.cornell.edu:3389
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa

Remote Desktop to djm4104

1. Configure SSH for Cornell CS.
2.

ssh -N -f herakles
ssh -N -f -L2007:djm4104.u.cs.cornell.edu:3389 lion

3.

rdesktop -r disk:sync=/home/djm/sync localhost:2007

Access CUCSFS1

(See http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/Linux/smbmount.htm.)

1. Configure SSH for Cornell CS.
2.

ssh -N -f herakles
ssh -N -f -L2006:cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139 lion

3.

smbclient //cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu/a -U djm -W CUCS -I localhost -p 2006

OR

smbmount //localhost/a [local_dir] -o port=2006,username=djm,workgroup=CUCS
smbumount [local_dir]

Recursively remove files by name

1. To remove *.afm from [dir] recursively:

cd [dir]
find . -name "*.afm" -exec rm {} \;

Add/Change Default Application

1.

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup

2.

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

Add/change appropriate line to:

[mime-type]=[new-app].desktop

To figure out what [new-app] should be (if necessary):

ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

To figure out what [mime-type] should be (if necessary):

ls /usr/share/applications/mime/[text|image|...]

3.

killall gnome-panel
killall nautilus

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~djm/ubuntu/

bigcoffee · #2

安装指南
挂载、卸载各种多媒体外设
创建并使用ISO文件
创建MD5文件，并利用其校验ISO文件
配置SSH用来访问CUCS，以及通过远程桌面访问djm4104

安装指南
1、安装《U班图》操作系统
2、重新设定挂载点/home
3、更新并升级package的下载源信息
4、安装nVidia驱动程序
5、启用你的5键鼠标
6、启用光驱的DMA
7、配置声卡参数
8、定制桌面主题和字体
9、增加额外的repositrories
10、安装下列软件或资源：
*LaTeX (排版软件）
* Fonts （字体资源）
* Java - Sun Java （Java环境）
* Editor - JEdit （编辑软件）
* E-mail client - Thunderbird （电子邮件客户端）
* PDF reader - Adobe Acrobat Reader （PDF阅读软件）
* Flash player （Flash动画播放软件）
* Codecs （解码库）
* Media Players - Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC （媒体播放软件）
* MIDI player - Timidity （MIDI播放软件）
* CD burner - Gnome Baker （刻录软件）
* CD ripper - Sound Juicer （CD翻录软件）
* Disk Partition Utility - GPartEd （磁盘分区工具）
* Games - ScummVM （小游戏）
* Development tools （开发工具）

1、安装《U图班》操作系统
鉴于《U图班》安装光盘的智能程度，此步骤略过。:)

2、重新设定挂载点/home
2.1

代码：全选

sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive 
sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/newdrive/ 
sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive/home.new 
sudo cp -R -p /home/[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/ 
sudo chown [user]:[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/[user] 
sudo unmount /mnt/newdrive/

2.2 同时按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [F1], 然后登陆。

代码：全选

sudo pico /etc/fstab

在主要分区（/ and /boot）和交换分区（/swap）下面增加如下代码：

代码：全选

/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1

同时按下 [CTRL] 和键来保存文件。然后按下 [CTRL] 和 [x] 键退出编辑软件（pico）。

代码：全选

sudo mv /home /home.old 
sudo mkdir /home 
sudo mount -a

3、更新并升级软件库的下载源信息

代码：全选

sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get upgrade

4、安装nVidia驱动程序
4.1安装驱动程序

代码：全选

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-settings 
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.nvidia-driver.backup 
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

4.2 建立nVidia设置的桌面快捷方式

代码：全选

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop

接着在文件中添加如下代码：

代码：全选

[Desktop Entry] 
Name=NVIDIA Settings 
Comment=NVIDIA Settings 
Exec=nvidia-settings 
Icon= 
Terminal=false 
Type=Application 
Categories=Application;System;

4.3屏蔽nVidia的广告性Logo

代码：全选

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

在文件中找到以下部分：

代码：全选

... 
Section "Device" 
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]" 
Driver "nvidia" 
BusID "PCI:1:0:0" 
...

然后在这部分结尾处添加一行新的代码：

代码：全选

Option "NoLogo"

4.4只需同时按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [BACKSPACE]，你就能马上重启 GNOME 桌面.

5、启用你的5键*鼠标
5.1

代码：全选

 sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.5-button-mouse.backup

5.2

代码：全选

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

找到下面的代码：

代码：全选

Section "InputDevice" 
Identifier "mouse.usb" 
Driver "mouse" 
Option "CorePointer" 
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" 
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2" 
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "YES" 
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" 
EndSection

并把它们更换为：

代码：全选

Section "InputDevice" 
Identifier "mouse.usb" 
Driver "mouse" 
Option "CorePointer" 
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" 
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2" 
Option "Buttons" "7" 
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" 
EndSection

6、启用光驱的DMA
(你也可以参考这个网址（英文）： http://ubuntuguide.org/#speedupcddvdrom.)
6.1

代码：全选

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom 
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup 
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

6.2 把以下代码添加到文件最后。

代码：全选

/dev/cdrom { 
dma = on 
}

6.3 重复上面的代码，你就可以启用更多光驱的DMA，例如：/dev/cdrom1

7、配置声卡参数
（你需要参考这个网址以获得帮助：http://ubuntuguide.org/#configuresoundproperly.）

8、定制桌面主题和字体
8.1 运行gnome-theme-manager（gnome的桌面主题管理软件）
鼠标点击 "Theme Details", 然后设置 "Set Controls = Glider, Window Border = Mist, Icons = GNOME".

8.2 运行gnome-font-properties（gnome的字体设置工具）
设置 "App = Sans 8, Desktop = Sans 8, Window title = Sans 8, Terminal = FreeMono 10".

8.3 在Nautilus下总是使用（browser浏览器）
运行gconf-editor（gconf编辑软件）
选择 "apps / nautilus / preferences" 并确认 "always use browser" 被选取.

9、增加额外的repositories

*注：我开始译为滚轮鼠标，后来看了代码，Option "Buttons" "7" 才意识到，这个比滚轮的左、中、右、上、下5键，还多两个，所以翻译回原来的5键了，估计是那种侧面还有两个小按钮的explorer鼠标。做鼠标的也是瞎折腾，弄那么多键干吗？还是苹果的好，一个键，呵呵。现在苹果mini不带显示器才3xxx阿，好想买。。。！！！！

bytedog · #3

<HTML xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><HEAD><TITLE>Ubuntu How-To</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=gb2312"><LINK
href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/themes/elegant/default.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet><LINK
href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/themes/elegant/human.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet><LINK
media=print href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/themes/elegant/printable.css" type=text/css
rel=stylesheet>
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.3790.2577" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) 指南</H1>
<UL>
<LI>安装
<LI>挂载和卸载媒体设备
<LI>创建和播放 ISO设备
<LI>创建和检查 MD5 校验码
<LI>为CUCS配置SSH 和为办公电脑设置远程桌面
<LI>相关链接 </LI>
</UL>
<H2 id=install>安装</H2>
<OL>
<LI>安装Ubuntu
<LI>设定Home目录
<LI>更新和升级Ubuntu
<LI>安装nVidia驱动程序
<LI>启用5键鼠标
<LI>启用DMA<LI>修复声音设备
<LI>定制个性化配置和字体
<LI>添加额外的软件库
<LI>安装:
<UL>
<LI>分区工具 - GPartEd
<LI>邮件客户端 - Thunderbird
<LI>版本控制 - cvs
<LI>LaTeX
<LI>字体
<LI>Java - Sun
Java
<LI>编辑器</A> - JEdit, gvim
<LI>PDF查看软件 -
Adobe Acrobat Reader
<LI>Flash播放器
<LI>多媒体文件解码器
<LI>媒体播放器 - Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC
<LI>MIDI播放器 -
Timidity
<LI>CD刻录软件 - Gnome Baker
<LI>CD提取工具 - Sound Juicer
<LI>游戏 -
ScummVM
<LI>开发工具 </LI>
</UL></LI></OL>
<H2 id=relocatehome>设定Home目录</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive
sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/newdrive/
sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive/home.new
sudo cp -R -p /home/[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/
sudo chown [user]:[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/[user]
sudo umount /mnt/newdrive/
</PRE>
<LI>同时按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [F1]键, 然后登录.
<PRE>sudo pico /etc/fstab
</PRE>
在主分区和交换分区条目后面加上以下行:
<PRE>/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
</PRE>
按 [CTRL] + 键保存文件. 按 [CTRL] + [x] 退出 Pico程序.
<PRE>sudo mv /home /home.old
sudo mkdir /home
sudo mount -a
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=updatepackagesources>更新和升级Ubuntu</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=nvidiadriver>安装 nVidia 驱动程序</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-settings
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.nvidia-driver.backup
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop
</PRE>
在文件中添加以下行:
<PRE>[Desktop Entry]
Name=NVIDIA Settings
Comment=NVIDIA Settings
Exec=nvidia-settings
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
</PRE>
<LI>下面的设置用来禁止nVidia的启动窗口.
<PRE>sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
</PRE>
编辑xorg.conf文件并找到以下项:
<PRE>...
Section "Device"
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver "nvidia"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
...
</PRE>
在下面添加以下这一行:
<PRE> Option "NoLogo"
</PRE>
<LI>按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [BACKSPACE] 键重启GNOME窗口管理系统. </LI>
</OL>
<H2 id=fixmouse>启用5键鼠标</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.5-button-mouse.backup
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
</PRE>
替换下面项目:
<PRE>Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "mouse.usb"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"
Option "Emulate3Buttons" "YES"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection
</PRE>
为:
<PRE>Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "mouse.usb"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
Option "Buttons" "7"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=fixDMA>启用 DMA</H2>
<P>(参照 <A
href="http://ubuntuguide.org/#speedupcddvdrom ... ddvdrom</A>.)</P>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
</PRE>
<LI>添加下面行 /etc/hdparm.conf
<PRE>/dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}
</PRE>
<LI>重复以上步骤设置 /dev/cdrom1 </LI>
</OL>
<H2 id=fixsound>修复声音系统</H2>
<P>(参照 <A
href="http://ubuntuguide.org/#configuresoundp ... roperly</A>.)</P>
<H2 id=fixthemes>定制个性化配置和字体</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>gnome-theme-manager
</PRE>
点击 "Theme Details", 设置 "Set Controls = Glider, Window Border =
Mist, Icons = GNOME".
<LI><PRE>gnome-font-properties
</PRE>
设置 "App = Sans 8, Desktop = Sans 8, Window title = Sans 8, Terminal =
FreeMono 10". </LI>
</OL>
<H2>始终在Nautilus使用浏览器</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>gconf-editor
</PRE>
选择 "apps / nautilus / preferences" 并选中 "always use browser".
</LI>
</OL>
<H2 id=addrepositories>添加额外的软件库</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
</PRE>
添加以下行（注：由于国内的设置不一样，该项请参照ubuntu.com.cn网站上公布的配置）:
<PRE># deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted

# Example sources.list for Ubuntu 5.10 "The Breezy Badger" release

## All officially supported packages, including security- and other updates

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

## All community supported packages, including security- and other updates

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse

## libdvdcss2, w32codecs
# deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main

# deb http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net/ breezy-extras-staging main restricted universe multiverse

## jedit
# deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
# deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./

## hoary-extras - the most widely used source for packages not includded in Ubuntu
## no guarantees on working - not enabled by default
# deb http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/ubuntu-backports/ hoary-extras main universe multiverse restricted
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get update
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=fonts>安装字体 (微软字体)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=codecs>安装多媒体文件解码器</H2>
<P>(参考 <A
href="http://ubuntuguide.org/#codecs">http:// ... #codecs</A>.)</P>
<OL>
<LI><A href="#addrepositories">添加额外的软件库</A>.
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
</PRE>
在最后添加以下行:
<PRE>deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
</PRE>
保存文件.
<PRE>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
</PRE><PRE>sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
</PRE>
取消下面行前面的注释符号:
<PRE>deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
</PRE>
保存文件.
<PRE>sudo apt-get update
</PRE>
<LI>如果以上的步骤不工作, 那么需要手工安装 w32codecs 和 DeCSS2 包:
从网上下载 w32codecs_20050412-0.0_i386.deb 到Home目录.
<PRE>cd ~/
sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_*.deb
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install libmad0 libdvdread3
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools vorbis-tools
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-misc gstreamer0.8-plugins gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg
gst-register-0.8
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=media>安装媒体播放器 (Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC)</H2>
<OL>
<LI>Totem-xine (参见<A
href="#setupgxine">instructions for
post-installation setup</A>):
<PRE>sudo apt-get install totem-xine
gedit ~/.xine/config
</PRE>
修改下面行:
<PRE>video.driver:xv
</PRE>
<LI>gxine (参见 <A
href="#setupgxine">instructions for
post-installation setup</A>):
<PRE>sudo apt-get install gxine
gedit ~/.gxine/config
</PRE>
修改下面行:
<PRE>video.driver:xv
</PRE>
<LI>MPlayer: <PRE>sudo apt-get install mplayer-386 mozilla-mplayer
sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
</PRE>
查找:
<PRE>vo=x11,
</PRE>
替换为:
<PRE>vo=xv,
</PRE>
<LI>VLC: <PRE>sudo apt-get install vlc
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=setupgxine>设置 Xine/gxine</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>xine-check
</PRE>
<LI>进行下面步骤以修复 WMV 播放问题 (如果由这个问题的话):
<PRE>cp ~/.xine/catalog.cache ~/.xine/catalog.cache.backup
gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache
</PRE>
查找下面段:
<PRE>[/usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.0.0/xineplug_decode_w32dll.so]
size=173768
mtime=1112804124
type=131
api=15
id=win32a
version=10000
supported_types=50593792 52428800 52822016 ... (long line truncated)
decoder_priority=1
</PRE>
替换为其中一行:
<PRE>decoder_priority=1</PRE>
为:
<PRE>decoder_priority=7</PRE>
<LI>指定 gxine 为默认媒体播放器 (不推荐，因为Totem-xine更好) :
<PRE>sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup
sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/gxine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list
sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
killall gnome-panel
killall nautilus
</PRE>
<LI>指定 gxine 为默认DVD播放器 (不推荐，因为Totem-xine更好) :
<PRE>gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "gxine dvd://"
</PRE>
<LI>为FireFox安装gxine插件 (不推荐，因为Totem-xine更好) :
<PRE>sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.a /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.la /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=midi>安装MIDI 播放器 (Timidity)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install timidity timidity-interfaces-extra freepats
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2>播放 MIDI</H2>
<OL>
<LI>以GTK界面启动:
<PRE>timidity -ig [file]
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=partitioner>安装分区工具(GPartEd)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install gparted
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=email>安装E-mail客户端 (Mozilla Thunderbird)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2>安装菜单编辑程序 (SMeg)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install smeg
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=cdburner>安装 CD 刻录软件 (GnomeBaker)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=pdf>安装 PDF 查看软件 (Acroread)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
</PRE>
将:
<PRE>application/pdf=evince.desktop</PRE>
替换为:
<PRE>application/pdf=AdobeReader.desktop</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=flash>安装 Flash 播放器</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=mount>挂载</H2>
<OL>
<LI>EXT3 格式分区:
<PRE>sudo mount /dev/hdb1 [mount_point_dir] -t ext3
</PRE>
<LI>NTFS 格式分区:
<PRE>sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
</PRE>
<LI>FAT32 格式分区:
<PRE>sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
</PRE>
<LI>CD/DVD: <PRE>sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
</PRE>
<LI>ISO: <PRE>sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop -r
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=unmount>卸载</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo umount [mount_point_dir]
</PRE>
<LI>强制卸载 (如果第一步不成功):
<PRE>sudo umount [mount_point_dir] -l
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=createISO>创建 ISO 镜像文件</H2>
<OL>
<LI>从 CD/DVD 创建(替换下面行中的 [device] 为 dvd, cdrom, 或 cdrom1):
<PRE>dd if=/dev/[device] of=file.iso bs=1024
</PRE>
<LI>从指定目录创建:
<PRE>mkisofs -o file.iso [dir]
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=playISO>播放 ISO</H2>
<OL>
<LI>安装，配置和运行 gxine.
<LI>选择"File / Preferences... / Media (tab) / DVD (tab)".
<LI>更改 DVD 位置为"/.../file.iso". </LI>
</OL>
<H2 id=md5checksum>MD5 校验</H2>
<OL>
<LI>创建MD5校验码:
<PRE>md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5
</PRE>
<LI>验证MD5校验码:
<PRE>md5sum -c file.iso.md5
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=latex>安装 LaTeX</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install tetex-base tetex-bin tetex-extra
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=devtools>安装开发工具</H2>
<OL>
<LI>基本编译器和工具:
<PRE>sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install manpages-dev autoconf automake libtool
sudo apt-get install flex bison gcc-doc g++
</PRE>
<LI>OpenGL 和 SDL 开发:
<PRE>sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev nvidia-glx-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl-sound1.2-dev libsdl-net1.2-dev
</PRE>
<LI>编译 MPlayer的环境:
<PRE>sudo apt-get install x-window-system-dev libgtk1.2-dev libpng-dev libxxf86vm-dev
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=cvs>安装 CVS版本控制软件</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install cvs
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=gvim>安装 gvim</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install vim-gnome
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>gedit ~/.vimrc</PRE>
添加下面行:
<PRE>set ruler
set showcmd

set incsearch

set history=500

set expandtab
set tabstop=4
set autoindent
set shiftwidth=4

colorscheme desert

if has("vms")
set nobackup
else
set backup
endif

if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")
syntax on
set hlsearch
endif
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/gvim.desktop</PRE>
添加下面行:
<PRE>[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=gvim
Comment=Edit text files
Exec=gvim --remote-silent %U
TryExec=gvim
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=false
MimeType=text/plain;
Icon=text-editor
Categories=GNOME;Application;Utility;TextEditor;
</PRE>
保存文件.
<LI>指定gvim为默认文件编辑器 (可选).
<PRE>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list</PRE>
替换该行:
<PRE>text/plain=gedit.desktop</PRE>
为:
<PRE>text/plain=gvim.desktop</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=java>安装 Java 环境(Sun Java)</H2>
<P>(参照 <A
href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/JavaPackageBuil ... ersions</A>.)</P>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install java-package java-common
sudo apt-get install build-essential
</PRE>
<LI>从<A
href="http://java.sun.com/">http://java.sun.com/</A>下载 JRE Linux 自解压文件(jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin, 非 RPM文件).
<PRE>sudo apt-get install fakeroot
fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin
sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update06_i386.deb
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo update-alternatives --config java
</PRE>
选择 sun java 选项. </LI>
</OL>
<H2 id=jedit>安装编辑器 (JEdit)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><A href="#java">Install Java</A>.
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
</PRE>
添加以下行:
<PRE>deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
</PRE>
保存文件.
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jedit
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /usr/bin/jedit
</PRE>
替换:
<PRE>... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" $@
</PRE>
为:
<PRE>... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" -reuseview $@
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=games>安装游戏 (ScummVM)</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo apt-get install scummvm
sudo apt-get install beneath-a-steel-sky flight-of-the-amazon-queen
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=configureSSHforCUCS>为 Cornell CS配置SSH</H2>
<P>(参见 <A
href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/">htt ... upport/</A>.)
</P>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>pico ~/.ssh/config
</PRE>
添加下面行:
<PRE>host herakles
hostname herakles.cs.cornell.edu
user djm
ForwardAgent yes
LocalForward 2001 lion.cs.cornell.edu:22
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/herakles/id_dsa

host lion
hostname localhost
user djm
ForwardX11 yes
port 2001
LocalForward 2002 smtp.cs.cornell.edu:25
LocalForward 2003 popsrv.cs.cornell.edu:110
LocalForward 2004 blather.cs.cornell.edu:515
LocalForward 2005 falcon.cs.cornell.edu:139
LocalForward 2006 cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139
LocalForward 2007 [office_computer_name].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=rdesktopCUCS>为办公电脑配置远程桌面</H2>
<OL>
<LI><A
href="#configureSSHforCUCS">为CCS配置SSH</A> ，然后确认 localhost:2007 跳转到
[office_computer_name].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389.
<LI><PRE>ssh -N -f herakles
ssh -N -f lion
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>rdesktop -r disk:sync=/home/[local_dir] localhost:2007
</PRE>
注意 disk:sync 要设置为绝对路径. </LI>
</OL>
<H2 id=cucsfs1>访问 CUCSFS1</H2>
<P>(参见<A
href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/Linux ... unt.htm</A>.)</P>
<OL>
<LI><A
href="#configureSSHforCUCS">为CCS配置SSH</A>.
<LI><PRE>ssh -N -f herakles
ssh -N -f -L2006:cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139 lion
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>smbclient //cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu/a -U [user_name] -W CUCS -I localhost -p 2006
</PRE>
或者
<PRE>smbmount //localhost/a [local_dir] -o port=2006,username=[user_name],workgroup=CUCS
smbumount [local_dir]
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2>递归删除文件</H2>
<OL>
<LI>例如要删除[dir]目录下的全部 *.afm文件:
<PRE>cd [dir]
find . -name "*.afm" -exec rm {} \;
</PRE></LI></OL>
<H2 id=changedefaultapps>添加/修改缺省应用程序</H2>
<OL>
<LI><PRE>sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup
</PRE>
<LI><PRE>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
</PRE>
添加/修改类似的项:
<PRE>[mime-type]=[new-app].desktop</PRE>
查找安装了的软件:
<PRE>ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop</PRE>
查找安装了的MIME类型: <PRE>ls /usr/share/applications/mime/[text|image|...]<PRE>
<LI><PRE>killall gnome-panel
killall nautilus
</PRE>

</LI></OL>
<H2 id=links>参考链接</H2>
<P>本文中大部分的信息来自:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="http://ubuntuguide.org/">The Unofficial Ubuntu 5.04 Starter
Guide</A>
<LI><A href="http://www.ubuntuforums.org/">The Ubuntu Forums</A>
<LI><A href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats/">The Ubuntu Restricted
Formats Wiki</A> </LI></UL></BODY></HTML>

oneleaf · #4

更新了，有时间有精力的朋友就翻译吧，写的挺好的。

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Ubuntu_5.10_% ... To#preview

[wiki]Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) How-To

[wiki]Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) How-To

[翻译]