qzzhong 写道:
sudo apt-get install synaptic下载安装一个新立德，就可以运行他装东西了。谁说我误人子弟，好多那个gz的装不了，只有一二个才可以安装，你这不是在误人子弟。干脆忘掉那个安装，。
我的口气似乎不怎么妥当，像你道歉。
tar.gz是GNU软件包的标准发放模式，你说要忘记这个，我真的觉得不妥。
mysql，apache之类的软件有很多参数可以在configure的时候调整。
引用:
Installing a GNU package
Autoconfiguring software is distributed with packaged source code distributions. These are big files with filenames of the form:
package-version.tar.gz
For example, the file `autoconf-2.13.tar.gz' contains version 2.13 of GNU Autoconf. We often call these files source distributions; sometimes we simply call them packages.
The steps for installing an autoconfiguring source code distribution are simple, and if the distribution is not buggy, can be carried out without substantial user intervention.
First, you have to unpack the package to a directory:
% gunzip foo-1.0.tar.gz
% tar xf foo-1.0.tar
This will create the directory `foo-1.0' which contains the package's source code and documentation. Look for the files `README' to see if there's anything that you should do next. The `README' file might suggest that you need to install other packages before installing this one, or it might suggest that you have to do unusual things to install this package. If the source distribution conforms to the GNU coding standards, you will find many other documentation files like `README'. See section Maintaining the documentation files, for an explanation of what these files mean.
Configure the source code. Once upon a time that used to mean that you have to edit makefiles and header files. In the wonderful world of Autoconf, source distributions provide a `configure' script that will do that for you automatically. To run the script type:
% ./configure
Now you can compile the source code. Type:
% cd foo-1.0
% make
and if the program is big, you can make some coffee. After the program compiles, you can run its regression test-suite, if it has one, by typing
% make check
If everything is okey, you can install the compiled distribution with:
% su
# make install
The `make' program launches the shell commands necessary for compiling, testing and installing the package from source code. However, `make' has no knowledge of what it is really doing. It takes its orders from makefiles, files called `Makefile' that have to be present in every subdirectory of your source code directory tree. From the installer perspective, the makefiles define a set of targets that correspond to things that the installer wants to do. The default target is always compiling the source code, which is what gets invoked when you simply run make. Other targets, such as `install', `check' need to be mentioned explicitly. Because `make' takes its orders from the makefile in the current directory, it is important to run it from the correct directory. See section Compiling with Makefiles, for the full story behind `make'.
The `configure' program is a shell script that probes your system through a set of tests to determine things that it needs to know, and then uses the results to generate `Makefile' files from templates stored in files called `Makefile.in'. In the early days of the GNU project, developers used to write `configure' scripts by hand. Now, no-one ever does that any more. Now, `configure' scripts are automatically generated by GNU Autoconf from an input file `configure.in'. GNU Autoconf is part of the GNU build system and we first introduce in in section The GNU build system.
As it turns out, you don't have to write the `Makefile.in' templates by hand either. Instead you can use another program, GNU Automake, to generate `Makefile.in' templates from higher-level descriptions stored in files called `Makefile.am'. In these files you describe what is being created by your source code, and Automake computes the makefile targets for compiling, installing and uninstalling it. Automake also computes targets for compiling and running test suites, and targets for recursively calling make in subdirectories. The details about Automake are first introduced in section Using Automake.
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