一直对在Linux下怎样视频聊天比较困惑，装过一次aMSN，但一用摄像头就死，而且aMSN基于Tcl/Tk8.4，不支持字体的AA，于是十分难看今天看了UbuntuForums上的几篇HOWTO，终于弄好了我的Webcam，也让aMSN支持AA了。下面把主要步骤翻译一下。
主要参考资料：
[HOWTO] Using spca5xx webcam driver
HOW-TO: De-uglify aMSN
HOWTO: Install & run latest CVS amsn
使摄像头正常工作
1. 先在http://mxhaard.free.fr/download.html下载最新的spac5xx的包，写这篇时我所用的是0.57.04: spca5xx-20051101.tar.gz，解压：
代码:
~$ tar xzvf spca5xx-20051101.tar.gz
2. 检查系统配置
代码:
$ cat /proc/version
我得到如下输出：
代码:
Linux version 2.6.12-9-686 (buildd@rothera) (gcc version 3.4.5 20050809 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 3.4.4-6ubuntu8)) #1 Mon Oct 10 13:25:32 BST 2005
我是内核版本是2.6.12-9-686，并且是用gcc3.4编译的。于是
代码:
$ sudo apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.12-9-686 build-essential gcc-3.4
3. 删除旧的spca5xx模块
代码:
$ cd /lib/modules/2.6.12-9-386/kernel/drivers/usb/media $ sudo mv spca5xx spca5xx.bak $ sudo lsmod | grep spca5xx
如果输出中有“东西”，说明当前还加载了旧的模块，
代码:
$ sudo modprobe -r spca5xx
4. 编译安装spca5xx
代码:
$ cd ~/spca5xx-20051101 $ MAKEFLAGS="CC=gcc-3.4" make $ sudo make install
重启，此时摄像头可以正常使用了，比如通过Gnomemeeting等软件。http://mxhaard.free.fr/download.html处也有两个相关的应用软件，spacgui和spcaview，有兴趣的朋友自己编译试试。
安装Tcl/Tk 8.5 CVS源码
1. 准备
代码:
$ sudo apt-get build-dep tcl8.4 tk8.4 cvs $ sudo apt-get install libxft-dev
2. 下载Tcl/Tk的CVS文件
代码:
$ cvs -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/tcl login <在提示密码时直接回车> $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/tcl co -P tcl cvs -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/tktoolkit login <在提示密码时直接回车> cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/tktoolkit co -P tk
经过一段时间的等待（视网速而定，我这里等了大概有半个多小时），当前目录下会增加两个文件夹，tcl和tk
3. 编译和安装Tcl/Tk
代码:
$ cd tcl/unix $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/local/include/tcl8.5 --enable-shared --enable-threads --enable-64bit --mandir=/usr/local/share/man --enable-man-symlinks --enable-man-compression=gzip && make CFLAGS="-g -O2 -D_REENTRANT" $ sudo make install $ cd tk/unix $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/local/include/tcl8.5 --with-tcl=/usr/local/lib --enable-shared --enable-threads --enable-64bit --enable-man-symlinks --enable-man-compression=gzip --enable-xft && make CFLAGS="-g -O2 -D_REENTRANT" $ sudo make install
安装CVS aMSN
1. 准备
代码:
$ sudo apt-get install imlib11-dev esound-clients
2. 下载CVS源码
用你喜欢的编辑器（gedit/kate/vi ...)编辑一个自动脚本：
代码:
$ vi ~/amsn-installer
其内容如下：
代码:
#!/bin/sh ########################################### # Install aMSN CVS version & themes # # # # Require : tar, wget, unzip # # # # Description : Easy install aMSN CVS & # # new themes # # # # Infos : routes-linux.scooba.org # # Author : mazzaru[AT]wanadoo[dot]fr # ########################################### VERSION="1.3" #--------COLOR------------------- COLOROFF="\033[1;0m" GREENCOLOR="\033[1;32m" REDCOLOR="\033[1;31m" LILACCOLOR="\033[1;35m" #--------PATH-------------------- WGET=`which wget` UNZIP=`which unzip` SKINS_PATH=~/.amsn/skins/ BIN_PATH=~/msn/amsn QUIT_MESS=`echo "" echo -e "Binary amsn locate at : ${GREENCOLOR}${BIN_PATH}${COLOROFF}"` #-------Themes url--------------- URL_TUX=http://aleron.dl.sourceforge.net/source ... sn/Tux.zip URL_MSN=http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/source ... sn/MSN.zip URL_FLUOX=http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/source ... /Fluox.zip URL_AMAC=http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/source ... n/aMac.zip URL_CRYSTOLA=http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/source ... ystola.zip #--------------------------- URL_PING=google.com URL_AMSN_CVS=http://amsn.sourceforge.net/amsn_cvs.tar.gz HEADER=`clear echo -e "\t ${LILACCOLOR}+------------------------------+" echo -e "\t | ${GREENCOLOR}aMSN Install script ${VERSION} ${LILACCOLOR} |" echo -e "\t ${LILACCOLOR}+------------------------------+" echo -e "${COLOROFF}"` #--------END---------------- #Display a warning message for newbies, usually login always as root. if [ $UID -eq 0 ] then echo"" echo -e "${REDCOLOR}Don't run this script as root !!
${COLOROFF}" echo -e "\a" exit 1 fi ping -c 2 ${URL_PING} > /dev/null if [ "$?" -ne "0" ] then ALERT=`echo -e "${REDCOLOR}Bad Internet Connection${COLOROFF}"` fi FUNC_INSTALL_THEMES(){ while [ ! -z $1 ] do ARCHIVE=`echo $1 | awk -F/ '{print $6}'` DIR=`echo $ARCHIVE | awk -F. '{print $1}'` if [ -e ${SKINS_PATH}${DIR} ] then echo -e "${DIR}........${LILACCOLOR}already install${COLOROFF}" shift else ${WGET} -q $1 ${UNZIP} ${ARCHIVE} > /dev/null rm -f ${ARCHIVE}* mv ${DIR} ${SKINS_PATH} echo -e "${DIR}........${GREENCOLOR}install${COLOROFF}" shift fi done } FUNC_DEPENDS(){ TCL=`locate libtcl8` TK=`locate libtk8` if [ ! -e ${TCL} ] then ALERT=`echo -e "${REDCOLOR}Error depedencies : you must install tcl >= 8.3 first. ${COLOROFF}" echo "With Mandrake (root) : urpmi tcl" echo "With Debian (root) : apt-get install tcl" echo ""` FUNC_MAIN fi if [ ! -e ${TK} ] then ALERT=`echo -e "${ALERT}" echo "" echo -e "${REDCOLOR}Error depedencies : you must install tk >= 8.3 first. ${COLOROFF}" echo "With Mandrake (root) : urpmi tk" echo "With Debian (root) : apt-get install tk" echo ""` FUNC_MAIN fi FUNC_INSTALL_AMSN } FUNC_TEST_AMSN(){ if [ ! -e ~/msn ] then ALERT=`echo -e "$HOME/msn ${REDCOLOR}not exist, install aMSN first${COLOROFF}"` FUNC_MAIN else echo "Waiting..." echo "" FUNC_INSTALL_THEMES $URL_TUX $URL_MSN $URL_FLUOX $URL_AMAC $URL_CRYSTOLA echo "" echo "" echo -en "Run amsn just for testing ? (y/n) [ ${GREENCOLOR}default : n${COLOROFF} ] : " read ON case $ON in [yY]*)FUNC_RUN_AMSN;; *)echo "${QUIT_MESS}" ; exit 0;; esac fi } FUNC_RUN_AMSN(){ if [ ! -e ${BIN_PATH} ] then ALERT=`echo -e "${HOME}/msn ${REDCOLOR}not exist, install aMSN first${COLOROFF}"` FUNC_MAIN else ${BIN_PATH} FUNC_MAIN fi } FUNC_INSTALL_AMSN(){ cd ~/ echo "" echo "aMSN CVS downloading please wait..." # -q = mode quiet (cf. man wget) ${WGET} -q ${URL_AMSN_CVS} echo "" echo "Installing aMSN CVS version" tar zxf amsn_cvs.tar.gz -C ~/ #Extract without verbose mode (-v) rm -f ~/amsn_cvs.tar.gz* #Archive can be removed mkdir -p ${SKINS_PATH} echo "" echo -ne "Install correct, would you like install themes ? (y/n) [ ${GREENCOLOR}default : n${COLOROFF} ] : " read ON case $ON in [yY]*)FUNC_TEST_AMSN;; *)echo "${QUIT_MESS}" ; exit 0;; esac } FUNC_MAIN(){ echo -e "${HEADER}" echo "This script installing aMSN and/or themes : " echo "" echo "${ALERT}" echo "" select CHOIX in "Install themes only" "Install the last aMSN version" "Run aMSN" "Quit" do case $REPLY in 1)FUNC_TEST_AMSN;; 2)FUNC_DEPENDS;; 3)FUNC_RUN_AMSN;; *)exit 0;; esac done } #script start here (call FUNC_MAIN function) FUNC_MAIN ####### # EOF # #######为该脚本增加可执行属性并运行：
代码:
$ chmod +x ~/amsn-installer $ ./amsn-installer
出现提示后选择“2”，之后除了在提示是否下载额外的皮肤时选Y外（当然你不喜欢下载可以不下），其它选项都按默认的来，完成后当前文件夹下会出来名为msn的新文件夹。
另外这里有一个按照Gaim修改的新皮肤。下载后解压到~/.amsn/skins/下就行了。
3. 编译安装
代码:
$ cd ~/msn $ ./configure ./configure --with-tcl=/usr/local/lib --with-tk=/usr/local/lib --prefix=/usr/local $ make $ sudo make install
4. 启动
aMSN应该这栏启动：
代码:
/usr/local/bin/wish8.5 /usr/local/share/amsn/amsn
为了方便，可以编辑一个小脚本，比如叫myamsn
代码:
$ vi ~/myamsn
内容为：
代码:
#!/bin/sh /usr/local/bin/wish8.5 /usr/local/share/amsn/amsn $ chmod 755 ~/myamsn $ sudo mv ~/myamsn /usr/bin/
当然，你应该考虑在应用程序菜单中建立一个启动项。
5. aMSN的一些设置
1. 字体：菜单Tools>Preferences, 选项卡Appearance里点Change font按钮修改全局字体，比如用Bitstream Vera Sans; 在Pesonal选项卡中My message text中的Change font按钮修改聊天窗口字体。
2. 设置外部调用程序：菜单Tools>Preferences Other选项卡处设置：
- Browser = "firefox $url"
- File Manager = "nautilus $location"
- Open file command: "gnome-open $file"
3. 其它的设置就看个人喜好了（比如换个皮肤什么的……）
