如何跳过那些不能通过验证的包，同时安装别的包？

[cdxueq]

我想更新一下系统，可执行apt-get upgrade时出现
【警告】：下列的软件包不能通过验证！
python-dbus gstreamer0.10-plugins-good

有没有办法不安装这些包，同时安装别的包呢？ 或者把这些通不过验证的包给删除了再安装别的包？

[cdxueq]

【警告】：下列的软件包不能通过验证！
python-dbus gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
不经验证就安装这些软件包么？[y/N] n
E: 有些软件包不能通过验证
cdxueq@localhost:~$

[linlee]

你可以选择 ' y ' 的嘛～

[cdxueq]

通过 apt-get update得到的软件在本地哪个目录呢？

为什么继续执行apt-get upgrade的时候提示还要下载很多M的软件呢？ 到底update做的什么，upgrade 做的什么呢？ 很多人不是说配置好源后只要apt－get update 就可以了吗？ 执行 upgrade的目的又是什么呢？ 我只明确的知道dist－upgrade是升级系统，这个我不需要，可update和upgrade有什么区别一直没搞明白，有的软件update就能装上了，而upgrade居然还要下载，搞糊涂了。

[cdxueq]

update
update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their
sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the
location(s) specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, when
using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the
Packages.gz files, so that information about new and updated
packages is available. An update should always be performed before
an upgrade or dist-upgrade. Please be aware that the overall
progress meter will be incorrect as the size of the package files
cannot be known in advance.

upgrade
upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages
currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
/etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new
versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages
not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
changing the install status of another package will be left at
their current version. An update must be performed first so that
apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.

dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions
of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and
it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the
expense of less important ones if necessary. The
/etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which
to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for
a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual
packages.


那从这点来看的话，update并不是下载了什么软件或完成了安装，也不是有的人说的像windows里的打补丁， 它仅仅是根据sources.list文件刷新了最新可用的包的列表，接下来需要作的是upgrade－对现有软件的全部更新，不包括系统内核更新，而要是只想升级一个软件的话就install 那个软件，dist-upgrade则是系统升级了，不知道我说的对不对？

[cdxueq]

可我的问题是 “如何跳过那些不能通过验证的包，同时安装别的包？” 不知道这个如何解决呢。

我选择N的话就全部都放弃安装了。所以我还是想知道更新的软件下载到了本地的什么地方了，希望大家指点一下呢

[linlee]

update是下载可更新的软件的列表，
upgrade才是升级。

[linlee]

update
update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their
sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the
location(s) specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, when
using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the
Packages.gz files, so that information about new and updated
packages is available. An update should always be performed before
an upgrade or dist-upgrade. Please be aware that the overall
progress meter will be incorrect as the size of the package files
cannot be known in advance.

upgrade
upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages
currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
/etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new
versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages
not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
changing the install status of another package will be left at
their current version. An update must be performed first so that
apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.

dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions
of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and
it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the
expense of less important ones if necessary. The
/etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which
to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for
a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual
packages.


那从这点来看的话，update并不是下载了什么软件或完成了安装，也不是有的人说的像windows里的打补丁， 它仅仅是根据sources.list文件刷新了最新可用的包的列表，接下来需要作的是upgrade－对现有软件的全部更新，不包括系统内核更新，而要是只想升级一个软件的话就install 那个软件，dist-upgrade则是系统升级了，不知道我说的对不对？

对

[linlee]

所以我还是想知道更新的软件下载到了本地的什么地方了，希望大家指点一下呢

我找了一下
好像在这里 /var/cache/apt/archives
不知道对不对～

[cdxueq]

所以我还是想知道更新的软件下载到了本地的什么地方了，希望大家指点一下呢

好像在这里 /var/cache/apt/archives

我看到你说的这个目录下面有很多的文件，有的很像我刚刚更新的文件，说像是因为文件名里总有一些特别的字符


我是想要是我这次把更新包获取下来了，如果保存下来的话下次是不是可以不这样费劲获取就能够更新了，我看到很多都是*.deb格式的包嘛，不知道下次拿来执行安装是否会有问题呢？

[linlee]

这个对我来说就太深奥了

不过你可以搜索论坛，我记得有人提过备份这些文件，重装之后可以直接获取这些包并更新～

[linlee]

我搜索了一下，你看看吧～
viewtopic.php?f=77&t=172649&hilit=+var+ ... t+archives

有个软件aptoncd，可以保存更新，不知道中文源里有没有
也可以直接备份var/cache/apt/archives里的软件包,比较麻烦