只需要你翻译一个段落 - 9.10 Technical Overview

[oneleaf]

请到
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Ubuntu_9.10_% ... 2%E8%BF%B0
，有空请翻译1-3段或者校对下别人的翻译，添加到中文翻译到每一个段落之后，不算很多；
如果觉得太长，可以再加 ====。总之请翻译好一个段落。再次请求，请不要删除或覆盖英文原句。

——————————————————————————————————————
我期待看到群众的力量，每人都有一点就好。
- luojie-dune 的任性

——————————————————————————————————
9.10 Technical Overview

Introduction

The Ubuntu developers are moving quickly to bring you the latest and greatest software the Open Source Community has to offer. This is the Ubuntu 9.10 beta release, which brings a host of exciting new features.

Note: This is a beta release. Do not install it on production machines. The final stable version will be released on October 29th, 2009.
Upgrading from Ubuntu 9.04

To upgrade from Ubuntu 9.04 on a desktop system, press Alt+F2 and type in "update-manager -d" (without the quotes) into the command box. Update Manager should open up and tell you: New distribution release '9.10' is available. Click Upgrade and follow the on-screen instructions.

To upgrade from Ubuntu 9.04 on a server system: install the update-manager-core package if it is not already installed; edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set Prompt=normal; launch the upgrade tool with the command sudo do-release-upgrade -d; and follow the on-screen instructions.
下载

Get it while it's hot. ISOs and torrents are available at:

*

http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/ (Ubuntu Desktop, Server, and Netbook Remix)
http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/ (Ubuntu Server for UEC and EC2)
http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/9.10/ (Kubuntu Desktop and Netbook)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/9.10/beta/ (Xubuntu)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/ ... 9.10/beta/ (UbuntuStudio)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/mythbuntu/releases/9.10/beta/ (Mythbuntu)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/releases/9.10/beta/ (Edubuntu)

Local mirrors are also available:
Africa

* http://ubuntu.saix.net/ubuntu-releases/ (South Africa)
* http://bw.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Botswana)
* http://ls.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Lesotho)
* http://mz.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Mozambique)
* http://na.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Namibia)
* http://sz.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Swaziland)

Asia

* http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/ubuntu-releases/ (Japan)
* ftp://ftp.chu.edu.tw/Linux/Ubuntu/releases/ (Taiwan)
* ftp://ftp.corbina.net/pub/Linux/ubuntu-cd/ (Russian Federation)
* http://ftp.cs.pu.edu.tw/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu-cd/ (Taiwan)
* http://ftp.daum.net/ubuntu-releases/ (Korea, Republic of)
* http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UBUNTU-CDS/ (Japan)

Europe

* http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-releases/ (Germany)
* http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Ireland)
* http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/ubuntu-cdimage/ (Switzerland)
* http://releases.ubuntu.igor.onlinedirect.bg/ (Bulgaria)
* http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Sweden)
* http://ubuntu.ipacct.com/releases/ (Bulgaria)

North America

* http://mirror.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/CDs/ (United States)
* http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/ubuntu-releases/ (Canada)
* http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu/releases/ (United States)
* http://mirrors.cat.pdx.edu/ubuntu-releases/ (United States)
* http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/releases.ubuntu.com/ (United States)
* http://mirrors.easynews.com/linux/ubuntu-releases/ (United States)

Oceania/Australia

* http://ftp.citylink.co.nz/ubuntu-releases/ (New Zealand)
* http://ftp.iinet.net.au/pub/ubuntu-releases/ (Australia)
* http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/ubuntu/releases/ (Australia)
* http://nz2.releases.ubuntu.com/ (New Zealand)
* http://ubuntu-releases.optus.net/ (Australia)
* http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/ubuntu/releases/ (Australia)

South America

* http://mirror.globo.com/ubuntu/releases/ (Brazil)
* http://mirror.pop-sc.rnp.br/mirror/ubuntu/ (Brazil)
* http://mirror.pop-sc.rnp.br/mirror/ubuntu-releases/ (Brazil)
* http://ubuntu.c3sl.ufpr.br/releases/ (Brazil)
* http://cl.releases.ubuntu.com/ (Chile)
* http://espelhos.edugraf.ufsc.br/ubuntu-releases/ (Brazil)

New features since Ubuntu 9.04

These features are showcased for your attention. Please test them and report any bugs you find:

*

http://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs

Upstart

As part of our boot performance work, we have now transitioned to Upstart. If you are testing on your primary machine, we strongly suggest having an Ubuntu 9.10 LiveCD available, or creating an Alpha 5 USB startup disk before doing an upgrade. This will allow us to help you recover in the case that something goes wrong during the boot of your system after upgrade. We request that all bugs affecting the performance or functionality of boot be tagged with ubuntu-boot in Launchpad.
Boot Experience

We've done some work on improving the overall look and feel of booting the system. Please open bugs with the tag "ubuntu-boot-experience" on any messages you see flashed after grub loads and before the new Ubuntu Splash screen (xsplash) displays. If you have trouble catching them before the splash screen loads, you can also check vt1 or dmesg output for copies of these messages. We also accept photos or video attachments if that's easier, however please make sure the text is readable.
Software Center

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes the Ubuntu Software Center, replacing 'Add/Remove' in the Applications menu. We kindly request users to try it out, and report any bugs they find.
GNOME

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes the latest GNOME 2.28 desktop environment with a number of great new features:

*

Empathy has replaced Pidgin as the default instant messaging client, introducing the Telepathy framework.
* The gdm 2.28 login manager is a complete rewrite compared to the version in earlier Ubuntu releases, permitting a more integrated login experience.

Application development with Quickly

Quickly makes it easy for developers to make new applications for Ubuntu, and to share those application with other Ubuntu users via .deb packages or personal package archives.
Kubuntu

Kubuntu 9.10 includes the first Kubuntu Netbook release, Social from the Start and the latest KDE packages. See the Kubuntu technical overview.
Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Images

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes images for common use on Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (UEC) and Amazon's EC2. You can try out the latest Ubuntu 9.10 server image instantly on EC2 using a preconfigured AMI, or download an image and put it into your own Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud. For information on using UEC images on Amazon EC2, see the EC2 Starter's Guide.
Ubuntu One file sharing

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta ships the Ubuntu One file sharing service by default, providing tightly-integrated file synchronization of your computer with other computers and the Ubuntu One network storage service.
Linux kernel 2.6.31

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta includes the 2.6.31-11.36 kernel based on 2.6.31.1. The kernel ships with Kernel Mode Setting enabled for Intel graphics (see below). linux-restricted-modules is deprecated in favour of DKMS packages.
hal deprecation

Ubuntu 9.10 Beta's underlying technology for power management, laptop hotkeys, and handling of storage devices and cameras maps has moved from "hal" (which is in the process of being deprecated) to "DeviceKit-power", "DeviceKit-disks" and "udev". When testing Ubuntu 9.10 Beta, please be alert for regressions in those areas and report any bugs you find.
New Intel video driver architecture available for testing

The Intel video driver has switched from the "EXA" acceleration method to the new "UXA", solving major performance problems of Ubuntu 9.04. Ubuntu 9.10 Beta also features kernel mode setting by default on Intel hardware, which reduces boot-time flickering and dramatically speeds up suspend/resume.
ext4 by default

The new "ext4" filesystem is used by default for new installations with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta; of course, other filesystems are still available via the manual partitioner. Existing filesystems will not be upgraded.

If you have full backups and are confident, you can upgrade an existing ext3 filesystem to ext4 by following directions in the Ext4 Howto. (Note that the comments on that page at the time of writing about Ubuntu's use of vol_id vs. blkid are out of date and are not applicable to Ubuntu 9.10 Beta.) Maximum performance will typically only be achieved on new filesystems, not on filesystems that have been upgraded from ext3.
GRUB 2 by default

GRUB 2 is the default boot loader for new installations with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta, replacing the previous GRUB "Legacy" boot loader. Existing systems will not be upgraded to GRUB 2 at this time, as automatically reinstalling the boot loader is an inherently risky operation.

If you wish to upgrade your system to GRUB 2, then see the GRUB 2 testing page for instructions. See also the upstream draft manual.

Some features are still missing relative to GRUB Legacy. Notable among these are lock/password support, an equivalent of grub-reboot, and Xen handling.
iSCSI installation

The iSCSI installation process has been improved, and no longer requires iscsi=true as a boot parameter; the installer will offer you the option of logging into iSCSI targets if there are no local disks, or you can select "Configure iSCSI" in the manual partitioner.

Putting the root filesystem on iSCSI is now supported.
AppArmor

AppArmor in Ubuntu 9.10 Beta features an improved parser that uses cache files, greatly speeding up AppArmor initialisation on boot. AppArmor also now supports 'pux' which, when specified, means a process can transition to an existing profile if one exists or simply run unconfined if one does not.
New profiles

In addition to the above changes to AppArmor itself, several profiles were added. Enforcing profiles for ntpd, the GNOME document viewer (evince), and libvirt are enabled by default. Complain mode profiles for Dovecot are now available in the apparmor-profiles package. A new profile is provided for Firefox as well, though it is disabled by default. Users can enable AppArmor sandboxing of their browser by running:

$ sudo aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox-3.5

Please see the SecurityTeam/KnowledgeBase for a full listing of readily available profiles in Ubuntu.
Libvirt

Libvirt now contains AppArmor integration when using KVM or QEMU. Libvirtd is configured to launch virtual machines that are confined by uniquely restrictive AppArmor profiles. This feature significantly improves virtualisation in Ubuntu by providing user-space host protection as well as guest isolation.
Uncomplicated Firewall

The Uncomplicated Firewall now has support for filtering by interface and egress filtering when using the ufw command. Documentation for ufw is also improved to help users better utilise the ufw framework and take full advantage of Linux netfilter's power and flexibility. See UbuntuFirewall#Features for a full list of features.
Non-eXecutable Emulation

Non-eXecutable (NX) memory protection, also known as eXecute-Disable (XD), has always been available in Ubuntu for any systems that had the hardware to support it and ran the 64-bit kernel or the 32-bit server kernel. The 32-bit PAE desktop kernel (linux-image-generic-pae) now also provides the PAE mode needed for hardware with the NX CPU feature.

For systems that lack NX hardware, the 32-bit kernels now provide an approximation of the NX CPU feature via software emulation that can help block many exploits an attacker might run from stack or heap memory.
Blocking Module Loading

To block the loading of any further modules after boot (generally for servers with unchanging hardware), the /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled one-way sysctl flag now exists to add another layer of protections against attackers loading kernel rootkits.
Position-Independent Executables

Building on the work done in Ubuntu 8.10 and 9.04 to proactively protect Ubuntu from unknown threats by using strict compiler flags, more applications have been built as Position-Independent Executables (PIE) to take advantage of the Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) available in the Ubuntu kernel.

In addition to the growing program list, PIE programs are now also built with the BIND_NOW linker flag to take full advantage of the existing RELRO linker flag. This results in PIE programs having fewer places in their memory that can be controlled to redirect program flow when an attacker attempts memory-corruption exploits.
Known issues

As is to be expected at this stage of the release process, there are several known bugs that users are likely to run into with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta. We have documented them here for your convenience along with any known workarounds, so that you don't need to spend time reporting these bugs again:

*

Some users with Intel video chipsets will experience a black screen on reboot after install because the fbcon module is not being loaded. As a workaround, users can boot with the i915.modeset=0 option. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (431812)
*

If a RAID partitioning scheme is used during installation the grub boot loader will only be installed on the first hard drive instead of all the drives. Booting the system if the first drive has failed will not work. As a workaround users can manually install grub to each disk in the array using the grub-install command (427048).
*

Some users report that, in connection with the conversion of the base system to native upstart jobs, the system will fail to boot if the root partition has errors. As a workaround for this problem, users can boot from external media and run fsck manually. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (432237)
*

A bug in the boot-time ordering of NFS-related init scripts will prevent systems from booting if any "core" filesystems (including /usr or /home) are mounted over NFS. Users with such configurations are advised to wait for the Ubuntu 9.10 Release Candidate before ugrading. (431248)
*

When performing an Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud setup from the Server CD, Eucalyptus components fail to automatically register the components. To solve this, immediately upgrade to the latest Eucalyptus packages after installation, and sudo restart eucalyptus. (438602, 439251).
*

In the Ubuntu Moblin Remix developer preview, the sources.list in the live image and installed systems will miss the ~moblin PPA; you can add it manually for now (420048). Also, the web browser does not function correctly in the released image; a fix for this bug is available in the ~moblin PPA (439677).

Reporting bugs

It should come as no surprise that this beta release of Karmic Koala contains other bugs. Your comments, bug reports, patches and suggestions will help fix bugs and improve future releases. Please report bugs using the tools provided.

If you want to help out with bugs, the Bug Squad is always looking for help.
Participate in Ubuntu

If you would like to help shape Ubuntu, take a look at the list of ways you can participate at

*

http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/

More information

You can find out more about Ubuntu on the Ubuntu website and Ubuntu wiki.

To sign up for future Ubuntu development announcements, please subscribe to Ubuntu's development announcement list at:

*

http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinf ... l-announce

[hjhee]

好長的英文

沒這水平翻譯了

[YaMeng]

9.10技术概述

导言

Ubuntu的开发正在迅速为您带来最新和最好的软件开源社区提供。这是Ubuntu 9.10 Beta版本，它带来了令人振奋的新功能。

注意：这是一个测试版。不要安装在生产机器上。最终的稳定版本将在公布09年10月29日。
从Ubuntu 9.04升级

为了从Ubuntu 9.04升级的桌面系统，按Alt + F2并在“更新管理器- D”类类型（不带引号）到命令框。更新管理器应该打开并告诉你：新发行版本'9 .10'可用。单击升级，然后按照屏幕上的说明。

为了从Ubuntu 9.04升级服务器上的系统：安装此更新，经理核心包如果尚未安装，编辑/ etc /更新经理/释放升级和设置提示=正常，发射与命令：sudo升级工具不释放升级三维，并按照屏幕上的说明。
下载

得到它，而它的热。 ISOS和种子可在：

*

http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/（Ubuntu的台式机，服务器，和netbook不怕）
http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/（Ubuntu服务器为2422和EC2）
http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/9.10/（Kubuntu桌面和netbook）
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/9.10/beta/（Xubuntu上）
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/ ... 9.10/beta /（UbuntuStudio）
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/mythbuntu/releases/9.10/beta/（Mythbuntu）
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/releases/9.10/beta/（Edubuntu的）

当地镜子也可以：
非洲

* http://ubuntu.saix.net/ubuntu-releases/（南非）
* http://bw.releases.ubuntu.com/（博茨瓦纳）
* http://ls.releases.ubuntu.com/（莱索托）
* http://mz.releases.ubuntu.com/（莫桑比克）
* http://na.releases.ubuntu.com/（纳米比亚）
* http://sz.releases.ubuntu.com/（斯威士兰）

亚洲

* http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/ubuntu-releases/（日本）
* ftp://ftp.chu.edu.tw/Linux/Ubuntu/releases/（台湾）
* ftp://ftp.corbina.net/pub/Linux/ubuntu-cd/（俄罗斯联邦）
* http://ftp.cs.pu.edu.tw/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu-cd/（台湾）
* http://ftp.daum.net/ubuntu-releases/（韩国，共和国）
* http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UBUNTU-CDS/（日本）

欧洲

* http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-releases/（德国）
* http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/（爱尔兰）
* http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/ubuntu-cdimage/（瑞士）
* http://releases.ubuntu.igor.onlinedirect.bg/（保加利亚）
* http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/（瑞典）
* http://ubuntu.ipacct.com/releases/（保加利亚）

北美洲

* http://mirror.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/CDs/（美国）
* http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/ubuntu-releases/（加拿大）
* http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu/releases/（美国）
* http://mirrors.cat.pdx.edu/ubuntu-releases/（美国）
* http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/releases.ubuntu.com/（美国）
* http://mirrors.easynews.com/linux/ubuntu-releases/（美国）

大洋洲/澳大利亚

* http://ftp.citylink.co.nz/ubuntu-releases/（新西兰）
* http://ftp.iinet.net.au/pub/ubuntu-releases/（澳大利亚）
* http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/ubuntu/releases/（澳大利亚）
* http://nz2.releases.ubuntu.com/（新西兰）
* http://ubuntu-releases.optus.net/（澳大利亚）
* http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/ubuntu/releases/（澳大利亚）

南美洲

* http://mirror.globo.com/ubuntu/releases/（巴西）
* http://mirror.pop-sc.rnp.br/mirror/ubuntu/（巴西）
* http://mirror.pop-sc.rnp.br/mirror/ubuntu-releases/（巴西）
* http://ubuntu.c3sl.ufpr.br/releases/（巴西）
* http://cl.releases.ubuntu.com/（智利）
* http://espelhos.edugraf.ufsc.br/ubuntu-releases/（巴西）

因为Ubuntu 9.04的新功能

这些功能是展示您的关注。请测试并报告任何错误您发现：

*

http://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs

初创

作为我们工作的一部分，启动速度，我们现在已转移到暴发户。如果您是您的主计算机的测试，我们强烈建议有一个Ubuntu 9.10的LiveCD可用，或做升级之前建立一个Alpha 5个USB启动盘。这将使我们能够帮助您恢复的情况是，出现问题，在您的系统升级后启动。我们要求所有的错误影响性能或启动功能的标记与Ubuntu中的Launchpad启动。
引导体验

我们已经做了完善的整体外观和感觉一些工作的引导系统。请打开错误的标签“Ubuntu的启动体验你看到的任何闪过后GRUB的负载和在新的Ubuntu的闪屏（xsplash消息”）显示屏。如果您无法赶上前画面加载它们，您也可以勾选vt1或dmesg对这些邮件的副本输出。我们也接受的照片，或者是更容易视频附件，但请确保文本的可读性。
软件中心

Ubuntu的9.10版包括Ubuntu的软件中心，取代'添加/删除'在应用程序菜单。我们恳请用户进行尝试，并报告他们发现的任何错误。
GNOME的

Ubuntu的9.10版，包括最新的GNOME 2.28的和伟大的新功能的桌面环境：

*

移情已取代默认的邮件客户端即时洋泾浜，介绍了感应框架。
* 2.28的gdm的登录管理器是一个完全重写相对于早期版本的Ubuntu的版本，允许一个更加集成登录的经验。

与快速应用程序开发

很快，让开发人员为Ubuntu的新应用，并与其他人分享Ubuntu用户通过应用。deb软件包或个人包档案。
Kubuntu

Kubuntu 9.10包括第一Kubuntu上网本从开始释放，社会和最新的KDE的软件包。见Kubuntu技术概述。
Ubuntu的企业云图

Ubuntu的9.10版包括在Ubuntu企业云（2422）和亚马逊的EC2共同使用图像。您可以尝试了最新的Ubuntu 9.10服务器上的形象即刻EC2上使用预配置的急性心肌梗死，或下载图片，放入自己的Ubuntu的企业云它。有关使用在Amazon EC2 2422图像信息，请参阅EC2上入门指南。
Ubuntu的一个文件共享

Ubuntu的9.10版的Ubuntu船舶一个文件共享默认服务，提供紧你与其他计算机和Ubuntu的一个网络存储服务，计算机集成文件同步。
Linux内核2.6.31

Ubuntu的9.10版包括2.6.31-11.36内核基础上2.6.31.1。内核模式与内核船舶英特尔图形设置启用（见下文）。 Linux的限制，模块的封装中DKMS赞成不赞成。
HAL的控诉

Ubuntu的9.10版的基本技术，电源管理，笔记本电脑热键，和存储设备和数码相机的地图处理已从说：“HAL”（即以被过时的过程），以“DeviceKit功率”，“DeviceKit -磁盘”和“ udev的“。当测试Ubuntu的9.10版，请留意在这些领域的回归和报告您发现任何错误。
新的英特尔架构的视频驱动程序可用于测试

英特尔的视频驱动程序已转向从“EXA的”加速方法，新的“乌克萨”，解决的Ubuntu 9.04的主要性能问题。 Ubuntu的9.10版还具有内核模式在英特尔硬件，从而降低启动时闪烁，显着加速暂停/恢复默认设置。
ext4默认

新的“ext4”所使用的文件系统为新安装的Ubuntu 9.10 Beta版默认的，当然，还有其他的文件系统通过手动分区程序可用。现有的文件系统将无法升级。

如果你有完全备份，并有信心，您可以升级现有的ext3文件系统的ext4按照在Ext4 Howto方向。 （请注意，约Ubuntu的vol_id与blkid已经过时和不适用的Ubuntu 9.10测试版。使用时间的书面意见，在该网页）最高性能通常才能实现新的文件系统上没有文件系统，这已升级的ext3文件。
GRUB的2默认

GRUB的二是新安装的Ubuntu 9.10 Beta版默认的启动加载器，取代以前的GRUB的“遗产”引导加载程序。现有的系统将不能升级到GRUB的2在这个时候，作为自动重新安装引导加载程序是一个内在的危险行动。

如果你想将系统升级到GRUB的2，然后看到指示GRUB的2测试页。另见上游手册草案。

某些功能仍然失踪相对于GRUB的遗产。其中最主要的锁/密码的支持，是GRUB的相当于重新启动，和Xen处理。
iSCSI的安装

在iSCSI安装过程已得到改善，并不再需要的iSCSI =作为启动参数的真实，安装程序将提供给您的登录到iSCSI目标的选择，如果没有本地磁盘，也可以选择“在配置iSCSI手册”分区程序。

撇开对iSCSI的根文件系统现在支持。
AppArmor的

在Ubuntu 9.10 Beta版AppArmor的特点是使用改进的解析器缓存文件，大大加快AppArmor的开机初始化。 AppArmor的现在还支持'pux'的，当指定，意味着这个过程可以过渡到现有的文件如果存在或干脆无压运行如果不。
新的配置文件

除了自身的AppArmor的上述变化，增加了多个配置文件。强制的ntpd配置文件，GNOME的文件浏览器（表示出），及libvirt默认情况下启用。投诉dovecot的模式配置文件现已在AppArmor的，配置文件包。阿提供新的配置文件，以及用于Firefox，尽管它是默认被禁用。 AppArmor的用户可以使他们的浏览器沙箱运行：

$须藤机管局，执行/ etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox-3.5

请参阅SecurityTeam /为在Ubuntu现成的配置文件的完整列表知识库。
libvirt的

libvirt的AppArmor的整合现在包含在使用的KVM和QEMU的。 Libvirtd配置为发射是由独特的限制性AppArmor的档案只限于虚拟机。此功能大大提高用户提供空间的主机保护，以及客人在Ubuntu虚拟隔离。
简单防火墙

现在的不复杂的防火墙已通过接口和出口过滤当使用ufw命令过滤支持。为ufw文件也有改善，以帮助用户更好地利用ufw框架，并充分利用Linux netfilter的权力和灵活性的优势。请参阅完整的功能列表UbuntuFirewall＃功能。
非可执行仿真

非可执行（NX的）内存保护，也像Execute称为禁用（XD），业内一直在Ubuntu可用于任何有系统的硬件支持，并运行64位内核或32位服务器的内核。 32位桌面PAE的内核（Linux的图像仿制PAE）的现在也提供了与PAE模式NX CPU的功能提供了硬件需要。

对于系统缺乏NX的硬件，32位内核现在能够通过软件仿真，可以帮助阻止很多攻击，攻击者可能运行堆栈或堆内存的NX CPU的特点近似。
阻塞模块加载

若要阻止系统启动后（通常为不变的硬件服务器），在/ proc / sys / kernel中/ modules_disabled单程sysctl标志的任何进一步的模块加载现在存在的保护又增加了对加载内核的rootkit攻击层。
位置无关的可执行文件

在Ubuntu 8.10上所做的工作和9.04大厦，主动保护未知的威胁Ubuntu的使用严格的编译器标志，更多的应用已建成的位置无关的可执行文件（馅饼）采取的地址空间布局随机化（ASLR）的提供利用Ubuntu的内核。

除了越来越多的程序列表，饼图计划现在还建立了连接器与BIND_NOW旗利用现有的RELRO器旗充分利用。在已在其内存较少，可以控制程序流重定向时，攻击者试图内存腐败的地方PIE公司计划利用这一成果。
已知问题

正如所料在这个阶段的释放过程，有几个已知的错误，用户可能会遇到与Ubuntu 9.10测试版。我们已经证明他们一直在这里为您与任何已知的变通办法的便利，让您不必花时间再次报告这些错误：

*

与英特尔芯片组视频部分用户将拥有黑色屏幕上重新安装后，因为fbcon模块没有被加载。作为一种变通方法，用户可以启动与i915.modeset = 0选项。对这个问题的调查正在进行之中。 （431812）
*

如果一个RAID分区方案是安装过程中使用GRUB引导加载程序将只安装在第一个硬盘驱动器，而不是所有驱动器。启动了第一个驱动器，如果没有系统将无法工作。作为一种变通的用户可以手动安装GRUB的每个磁盘阵列中使用与grub - install命令（427048）。
*

有些用户报告说，与基本系统转换到本机暴发户工作方面，系统将无法启动，如果根分区有错误。作为此问题的方法，用户可以从外部媒体的引导和运行fsck手工。对这个问题的调查正在进行之中。 （432237）
*

在启动时的错误，时间订购的NFS有关的init脚本可以防止启动如果有“核心”文件系统（包括/ usr或/家用系统）是通过NFS挂载。这种配置建议用户在Ubuntu 9.10的发布候选等待ugrading。 （431248）
*

当执行一个Ubuntu企业云从Server光盘中的安装，桉树组件无法自动注册组件。为了解决这个问题，立即升级到最新的桉树后，安装包，桉树和sudo重新启动。 （438602，439251）。
*

在不怕Moblin的Ubuntu的开发者预览，在现场安装的系统的形象和sources.list文件将错过〜Moblin的苯丙醇胺，你现在可以添加（420048），手动。此外，网页浏览器无法正常工作，在被释放的形象;此错误的修复程序可以在〜Moblin的苯丙醇胺（439677）。

报告bug

其实，这并不奇怪，这是业树袋熊beta版包含其他错误。您的意见，错误报告，补丁和建议将有助于修复和改善未来的版本。报告错误，请使用提供的工具。

如果你想帮助病虫害的错误队一直寻求帮助。
参加在Ubuntu

如果你想帮助形成Ubuntu的，采取的方式，您可以参加名单看

*

http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/

更多信息

您可以了解更多关于Ubuntu的Ubuntu网站和Ubuntu的wiki。

要注册为未来Ubuntu开发公告，请订阅Ubuntu的发展公布名单如下：

*

http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinf ...左旋公布

[YaMeng]

糊弄这翻译......

[oneleaf]

楼上机器翻译的没有意义，需要人工翻译，好更新到主页。

[Vanishing]

我可以帮你翻译。
给我点时间。
翻译完放到哪？

[Vanishing]

我可以帮你翻译。
给我点时间。
翻译完放到哪？

存盘。~.~草稿阿草稿
更新存盘～～～～～
继续存盘。
再存。。=.=
有存。。下面还有一大堆段落阿。。。。。
更新更新更新：
摘了farta的ext4.
翻译了几段。。

9.10技术概要

简介

Ubuntu开发者给大家提供开源社区里最新最好的软件。 这就是Ubuntu 9.10 beta版，带来了大量令人兴奋的新功能。

注意：这是一个测试版本，不要安装到正规机器上。 最终完整版本会在2009年10月29日发布。

-从9.04版本升级

如果需要从Ubuntu 9.04桌面版本升级， 按下Alt+F2，输入"update-manager -d"(不需要引号）。Update Manager(升级向导）会弹出并显示“有新系统板本‘9.10’".点击升级，然后按提示操作。

如果需要从Ubuntu 9.04服务器版本升级：尝试安装update-manager-core包；编辑/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades文件，把Prompt设置为normal(Prompt=normal); 在命令行下输入"sudo do-release-upgrade -d"(不加引号“），然后按提示操作。

-下载
现在就开始使用把。Iso文件和种子文件在以下地址：

http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/ (桌面，服务器和网本版本)
http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/ (UEC和EC2的服务器版本)
http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/9.10/ (Kubuntu桌面和网本版本)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/9.10/beta/ (Xubuntu)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/ ... 9.10/beta/ (UbuntuStudio)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/mythbuntu/releases/9.10/beta/ (Mythbuntu)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/releases/9.10/beta/ (Edubuntu)

>镜像:
非洲：

* http://ubuntu.saix.net/ubuntu-releases/ (南非)
* http://bw.releases.ubuntu.com/ (波扎那)
* http://ls.releases.ubuntu.com/ (莱索托)
* http://mz.releases.ubuntu.com/ (莫桑比克)
* http://na.releases.ubuntu.com/ (纳米比亚)
* http://sz.releases.ubuntu.com/ (史瓦济兰)

亚洲：

* http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/ubuntu-releases/ (日本)
* ftp://ftp.chu.edu.tw/Linux/Ubuntu/releases/ (台湾)
* ftp://ftp.corbina.net/pub/Linux/ubuntu-cd/ (俄罗斯亚麻)
* http://ftp.cs.pu.edu.tw/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu-cd/ (台湾)
* http://ftp.daum.net/ubuntu-releases/ (韩国)
* http://ftp.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UBUNTU-CDS/ (日本)

欧洲：

* http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-releases/ (德国)
* http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/ (爱尔兰)
* http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/ubuntu-cdimage/ (瑞士)
* http://releases.ubuntu.igor.onlinedirect.bg/ (保加利亚)
* http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/ (瑞典)
* http://ubuntu.ipacct.com/releases/ (保加利亚)

北美：

* http://mirror.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu-iso/CDs/ (美国)
* http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/ubuntu-releases/ (加拿大)
* http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu/releases/ (美国)
* http://mirrors.cat.pdx.edu/ubuntu-releases/ (美国)
* http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/releases.ubuntu.com/ (美国)
* http://mirrors.easynews.com/linux/ubuntu-releases/ (美国)

大洋洲：

* http://ftp.citylink.co.nz/ubuntu-releases/ (新西兰)
* http://ftp.iinet.net.au/pub/ubuntu-releases/ (澳大利亚)
* http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/ubuntu/releases/ (澳大利亚)
* http://nz2.releases.ubuntu.com/ (新西兰)
* http://ubuntu-releases.optus.net/ (澳大利亚)
* http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/ubuntu/releases/ (澳大利亚)

南美：

* http://mirror.globo.com/ubuntu/releases/ (巴西)
* http://mirror.pop-sc.rnp.br/mirror/ubuntu/ (巴西)
* http://mirror.pop-sc.rnp.br/mirror/ubuntu-releases/ (巴西)
* http://ubuntu.c3sl.ufpr.br/releases/ (巴西)
* http://cl.releases.ubuntu.com/ (智利)
* http://espelhos.edugraf.ufsc.br/ubuntu-releases/ (巴西)

-新功能
下面简介新功能.请测试以下功能并指出缺陷。

http://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs

Upstart
我们现在开始使用Upstart来提高系统启动性能。 如果您是在主机上测试，我们强烈建议您拥有一份Ubuntu 9.10 LiveCD，或者在升级之前建立一份alpha 5的usb启动盘。 这样如果升级有任何问题的话可以恢复。我们的要求是在Launchpad中把任何影响系统启动的问题都标记出来。

系统启动体验：我们改进了系统启动时的显示界面。如果在grub之后或在ubuntu的新登录页之前有错误信息，请用“ubuntu-boot-experience"标签提供错误报告。 如果看不清错误信息，您可以查看vt1和dmesg报告。如果您感觉更方便的话我们也可以接受照片或者视频附件，不过请保证里面文字的可读性。

软件中心：

Ubuntu 9.10 测试版包括了软件中心， 代替了“添加或删除”程序。 希望用户们能测试以下，并且提供错误报告。

Gnome：

Ubuntu 9.10 测试版使用了最新的Gnome 2.28桌面环境，包括了大量十分好的新功能:

Empathy代替Pidgin成为了默认的聊天程序，加入了Telepathy构架。
*Gdm2.28用户登录管理器是完全重新编写的，保证了更好的登录体验。

Quickly的软件开发：
Quickly把开发者给ubuntu编写软件的工作变得更加简单，并可以把编写的软件制作成deb包来共享。

Kubuntu：
Kubuntu 9.10包括了第一个Kubuntu网本版本， 使用了最新的KDE包。 详情请看Kubuntu技术概要。

Ubuntu 9.10 测试版包括了Ubuntu Enterprse Cloud(UEC,Ubuntu企业云系统)和Amazon的EC2普通功能的镜像。 您可以直接在EC2上用预设的AMI直接使用最新的Ubuntu 9.10服务器镜像，或者下载一个镜像然后放进Ubuntu one文件共享。

Ubuntu 9.10 测试版集成了Ubuntu One文件共享服务， 提供系统和服务器间的高兼容的同步功能。

Linux 内核 2.6.31

Ubuntu 9.10 测试版使用了基于2.6.31.1版本的2.6.31-11.36 内核，并默认为intel显卡系统启用了内核模式。

去掉hal了（不知道对不对。。=.=)

Ubuntu 9.10 测试版的电源管理，笔记本快捷键，存储处理还有图像技术之类的基础技术已经从“hal”（就要去掉）转成“DeviceKit-power", "DeviceKit-disks"和"udev". 测试的时候请注意，这部分内容有可能会比以前退步。如果发现任何问题，请报告。

新Intel视频驱动结构可以进行测试了

Intel显卡驱动从“Exa”加速模式转换成了"UXA", 解决了重要的Ubuntu 9.03性能问题， 并且默认为Intel硬件启用了“内核模式”， 减少了系统启动时的闪烁并且加速了休眠/唤醒的速度。

默认使用ext4

在全新安装Ubuntu 9.10 Beta时，默认使用的文件系统将是ext4。当然，您仍然可以在手动分区工具里使用其他文件系统。现存的文件系统并不会被升级。

如果您有完整的数据备份，并且充满信心的话，您可以按Ext4 Howto里的提示，将现存的ext3文件系统升级为ext4（注意，在那个页面上，在写到vol_id与vlkid在Ubuntu中的用途的时候的那些注解已经过期了，并不适用于Ubuntu 9.10 Beta）。一般来说，全新的新文件系统将能够达到最好的性能。而从ext3升级而来的则不会。

默认使用 Grub 2

Grub 2 代替Grub “Legacy”成为Ubuntu 9.10 测试版的默认的系统引导程序。但是现有已经安装的系统由于在按装Grub 2时有可能会出现问题，暂时不会升级到Grub 2。

如果您想要升级到Grub 2， 请参考Grub 2测试页。并且请阅读它的发展方向手册。

跟Grub “Legacy” 相比，Grub 2还少部分功能。 值得一提的是少了加锁/密码支持， grub-reboot功能，还有虚拟机监视器的处理。

iSCSI 安装


The iSCSI installation process has been improved, and no longer requires iscsi=true as a boot parameter; the installer will offer you the option of logging into iSCSI targets if there are no local disks, or you can select "Configure iSCSI" in the manual partitioner.

Putting the root filesystem on iSCSI is now supported.

AppArmor

AppArmor in Ubuntu 9.10 Beta features an improved parser that uses cache files, greatly speeding up AppArmor initialisation on boot. AppArmor also now supports 'pux' which, when specified, means a process can transition to an existing profile if one exists or simply run unconfined if one does not.
New profiles

In addition to the above changes to AppArmor itself, several profiles were added. Enforcing profiles for ntpd, the GNOME document viewer (evince), and libvirt are enabled by default. Complain mode profiles for Dovecot are now available in the apparmor-profiles package. A new profile is provided for Firefox as well, though it is disabled by default. Users can enable AppArmor sandboxing of their browser by running:

$ sudo aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.firefox-3.5

Please see the SecurityTeam/KnowledgeBase for a full listing of readily available profiles in Ubuntu.
Libvirt

Libvirt now contains AppArmor integration when using KVM or QEMU. Libvirtd is configured to launch virtual machines that are confined by uniquely restrictive AppArmor profiles. This feature significantly improves virtualisation in Ubuntu by providing user-space host protection as well as guest isolation.
Uncomplicated Firewall

The Uncomplicated Firewall now has support for filtering by interface and egress filtering when using the ufw command. Documentation for ufw is also improved to help users better utilise the ufw framework and take full advantage of Linux netfilter's power and flexibility. See UbuntuFirewall#Features for a full list of features.
Non-eXecutable Emulation

Non-eXecutable (NX) memory protection, also known as eXecute-Disable (XD), has always been available in Ubuntu for any systems that had the hardware to support it and ran the 64-bit kernel or the 32-bit server kernel. The 32-bit PAE desktop kernel (linux-image-generic-pae) now also provides the PAE mode needed for hardware with the NX CPU feature.

For systems that lack NX hardware, the 32-bit kernels now provide an approximation of the NX CPU feature via software emulation that can help block many exploits an attacker might run from stack or heap memory.
Blocking Module Loading

To block the loading of any further modules after boot (generally for servers with unchanging hardware), the /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled one-way sysctl flag now exists to add another layer of protections against attackers loading kernel rootkits.
Position-Independent Executables

Building on the work done in Ubuntu 8.10 and 9.04 to proactively protect Ubuntu from unknown threats by using strict compiler flags, more applications have been built as Position-Independent Executables (PIE) to take advantage of the Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) available in the Ubuntu kernel.

In addition to the growing program list, PIE programs are now also built with the BIND_NOW linker flag to take full advantage of the existing RELRO linker flag. This results in PIE programs having fewer places in their memory that can be controlled to redirect program flow when an attacker attempts memory-corruption exploits.
Known issues

As is to be expected at this stage of the release process, there are several known bugs that users are likely to run into with Ubuntu 9.10 Beta. We have documented them here for your convenience along with any known workarounds, so that you don't need to spend time reporting these bugs again:

*

Some users with Intel video chipsets will experience a black screen on reboot after install because the fbcon module is not being loaded. As a workaround, users can boot with the i915.modeset=0 option. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (431812)
*

If a RAID partitioning scheme is used during installation the grub boot loader will only be installed on the first hard drive instead of all the drives. Booting the system if the first drive has failed will not work. As a workaround users can manually install grub to each disk in the array using the grub-install command (427048).
*

Some users report that, in connection with the conversion of the base system to native upstart jobs, the system will fail to boot if the root partition has errors. As a workaround for this problem, users can boot from external media and run fsck manually. Investigation of this issue is ongoing. (432237)
*

A bug in the boot-time ordering of NFS-related init scripts will prevent systems from booting if any "core" filesystems (including /usr or /home) are mounted over NFS. Users with such configurations are advised to wait for the Ubuntu 9.10 Release Candidate before ugrading. (431248)
*

When performing an Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud setup from the Server CD, Eucalyptus components fail to automatically register the components. To solve this, immediately upgrade to the latest Eucalyptus packages after installation, and sudo restart eucalyptus. (438602, 439251).
*

In the Ubuntu Moblin Remix developer preview, the sources.list in the live image and installed systems will miss the ~moblin PPA; you can add it manually for now (420048). Also, the web browser does not function correctly in the released image; a fix for this bug is available in the ~moblin PPA (439677).

Reporting bugs

It should come as no surprise that this beta release of Karmic Koala contains other bugs. Your comments, bug reports, patches and suggestions will help fix bugs and improve future releases. Please report bugs using the tools provided.

If you want to help out with bugs, the Bug Squad is always looking for help.
Participate in Ubuntu

If you would like to help shape Ubuntu, take a look at the list of ways you can participate at

*

http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/

More information

You can find out more about Ubuntu on the Ubuntu website and Ubuntu wiki.

To sign up for future Ubuntu development announcements, please subscribe to Ubuntu's development announcement list at:

*

http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinf ... l-announce

[Vanishing]

oneleaf看看可行不。。～。～
行的话我继续。=.=

[xiooli]

英文是不难，不过静不下心来翻。

[wangdu2002]

oneleaf看看可行不。。～。～
行的话我继续。=.=

兄弟继续吧，至少是个可用的翻译，而不是糊弄的机器翻译。
Develoments应该译为开发者更合适些吧，不是所有开发者都是程序员吧。某是E外行，只识得几百E词，有些还是用了Ubuntu后才认识的。
带s的是复数。。。按中文习惯，可能译为“开发团队”更合适些。

不要安装到正规机器上

也许译为“生产环境的机器”或“生产型机器”更合适些。

[Vanishing]

oneleaf看看可行不。。～。～
行的话我继续。=.=

兄弟继续吧，至少是个可用的翻译，而不是糊弄的机器翻译。
Develoments应该译为开发者更合适些吧，不是所有开发者都是程序员吧。某是E外行，只识得几百E词，有些还是用了Ubuntu后才认识的。

原来是开发员，不过读起来怪怪的。=.=

[tudouni]

不错不错。

[Vanishing]

吃饭。。=.=吃完继续。

update: 今天有事，翻译不了了。。。。明天看看。

[Element]

我觉得不要从字面意思去翻译
最好能符合我们阅读的习惯
有的翻译过来读着很别扭

[flzh521]

[quote][/quote]