Greetings! I'm John Dong, the Ubuntu Backports Project leader & founder. Here's a quick article. You'll learn what this project is about, how to set it up, and how to interact with the Backports development process.
What are Backports?
Ubuntu releases a new version of its OS every 6 months. After a release, the version of all packages stays constant for the entire 6 months. For example, if Hoary ships with Firefox 1.0.1, Hoary will remain at Firefox 1.0.1 for the entire 6-month release cycle, even if 1.0.2, 1.0.3, or 1.0.4 gets released during this time. The Ubuntu team may apply important security fixes to 1.0.1, but any new features or non-security bugfixes won't be made available to Hoary.
This is where Ubuntu Backports comes in. The Backports team believes that the best update policy is a mix of Ubuntu's security-only policy AND providing new versions of some programs. Candidates for version updates are primarily desktop applications, such as your web browser, word processor, IRC client, IM client, and so on. These can be updated without replacing a chunk of the operating system that would affect stability of the whole system.
What are Extras?
Ubuntu already provides you with an enormous collection of packages that you may install using the Synaptic manager or the "apt-get" command. However, some programs are still not available via this system. Mainly, legally-risky packages fall under this category. Most multimedia formats are patent/royalty protected, and some freeware commercial Linux programs, like the official Acrobat Reader, also are protected by strict EULA's.
The Extras repository holds these kinds of packages that aren't found in Ubuntu's package collection. Currently, this includes many media plugins and the FreeNX Remote Desktop Protocol, and many more.
Are Backports/Extras Safe to Install?
Yes. Each package goes through a tremendous amount of testing in a beta-testing region (-staging) before it's included in the stable branch that you'll be using.
Is this project endorsed by the Ubuntu Team?
As of June 2005, we are an official Ubuntu project, so we are acknowledged by the developers. Therefore, the developers won't have issues with Backports users .
However, if you're trying to get support for a Backports package, or are filing a bug against one, please post here first! I'd like to make sure if it's a Backports problem. Eventually, Backports will be integrated into the Ubuntu bug reporting mechanism.
Cool. How do I install these?
See http://www.ubuntuguide.org/#extrarepositories
Are there any mirrors?
Certainly. Please see http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/url.php . The mirror URL's replace the "http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net" portion of the sources.list file.
*IMPORTANT NOTE*:I've recently noticed that some of our mirrors have gone out of date. So far, the mirrormax mirror has been the best. When in doubt, mirrormax.
Can I ask for packages to be backported?
Of course. Start a thread. There are, however, some guidelines the Backports team abide by to preserve stability. Mainly:
Quote:
0 Only packages currently in Ubuntu's development branches are eligible for backporting
1 Backports of large, interdepending applications stacks are bad!
2 New versions can be backported, when they're compatible with already OS and System relevant libraries.
3 No new libraries, which will "break" or better say, affecting other applications (e.g. libvorbis, libz etc.) unless the update fixes an exploit (Brandon Hale suggests leaving these for the security team).
4 No changes to language interpreters (python, mono). These could affect existing packages in unexpected ways.
5 Applications to be backported must have meaningful bug/security fixes or
features.
When unsure, feel free to post the request anyway. We don't bite.
How can I help?
Most importantly, you may help me beta-test packages. I need support in this area the most. To do so, see http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/ and add the "-staging" lines to your sources.list.
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=40291
Ubuntu Backports Project
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re
Greetings! I'm John Dong, the Ubuntu Backports Project leader & founder. Here's a quick article. You'll learn what this project is about, how to set it up, and how to interact with the Backports development process.
大家好！我是John Dong，Ubuntu Backpors 项目的创建人和领头人。这是一篇简短的文章。你将了解到这个项目的内容，如何设置它，如何参与到Backports的发展进程中来。
What are Backports?
Ubuntu releases a new version of its OS every 6 months. After a release, the version of all packages stays constant for the entire 6 months. For example, if Hoary ships with Firefox 1.0.1, Hoary will remain at Firefox 1.0.1 for the entire 6-month release cycle, even if 1.0.2, 1.0.3, or 1.0.4 gets released during this time. The Ubuntu team may apply important security fixes to 1.0.1, but any new features or non-security bugfixes won't be made available to Hoary.
什么是Backports?
Ubuntu 每六个月发布一个新版本的系统。一旦发布以后，所有包的版本都会在整整六个月里保持不变。例如，如果Hoary 和火狐（Firefox) 1.0.1 绑定,那么Hoary将整个六个月的发行周期里一直使用Firefox 1.0.1，尽管在这段时间发布了1.0.2,1.0.3或者1.0.4版本的firefox。Ubuntu团队可能会采用一些针对1.0.1版本的重要的安全补丁，但是其它任何新特性或非安全性的补丁将不会在Hoary中采用。
This is where Ubuntu Backports comes in. The Backports team believes that the best update policy is a mix of Ubuntu's security-only policy AND providing new versions of some programs. Candidates for version updates are primarily desktop applications, such as your web browser, word processor, IRC client, IM client, and so on. These can be updated without replacing a chunk of the operating system that would affect stability of the whole system.
这就是Ubuntu Backports产生的缘由。Backports团队相信最好的升级策略是在Ubuntu的唯安全政策的基础上再提供一些程序的新版本。版本更新的候选名单里主要是一些桌面程序，如你的网络浏览器，文字处理程序，IRC客户端，IM客户端等。这些程序的升级不会更换操作系统的组块，不会影响系统的整体稳定性
What are Extras?
Ubuntu already provides you with an enormous collection of packages that you may install using the Synaptic manager or the "apt-get" command. However, some programs are still not available via this system. Mainly, legally-risky packages fall under this category. Most multimedia formats are patent/royalty protected, and some freeware commercial Linux programs, like the official Acrobat Reader, also are protected by strict EULA's.
什么是Extras?
Ubuntu已经提供了大量的软件安装包，你可以通过新立得或者'apt-get'命令来安装。然而，仍然有一些程序不能通过系统来直接获取。大体上，带有法律风险的软件就属于此类。多数多媒体格式是受专利或版权保护的，还有一些自由软件，商业软件，例如官方的Acrobat Reader,也受严格的EULA规则限制。
The Extras repository holds these kinds of packages that aren't found in Ubuntu's package collection. Currently, this includes many media plugins and the FreeNX Remote Desktop Protocol, and many more.
额外档案库(Extras repository) 存有这些类型的软件包。它们在Ubuntu的软件包集合中是找不到的。目前，这包括许多多媒体插件和FreeNX远程桌面协议等。
Are Backports/Extras Safe to Install?
Yes. Each package goes through a tremendous amount of testing in a beta-testing region (-staging) before it's included in the stable branch that you'll be using.
安装Backports和Extras里的软件安全么 ？
是的。每个软件包在加入稳定版本中供你使用之前，都通过了在测试环境里（-staging）的大量测试
Is this project endorsed by the Ubuntu Team?
As of June 2005, we are an official Ubuntu project, so we are acknowledged by the developers. Therefore, the developers won't have issues with Backports users .
这个项目由Ubuntu小组支持么？
自2005年六月起，我们成为了Ubuntu的一个官方的小组，也就是说我们得到了程序开发者的承认。因此，程序开发人员不会与Backports的用户产生问题。
However, if you're trying to get support for a Backports package, or are filing a bug against one, please post here first! I'd like to make sure if it's a Backports problem.
Eventually, Backports will be integrated into the Ubuntu bug reporting mechanism.
然而，如果你想要有关Backports软件包的支持，或者想要修补一个程序bug，请先来贴到这里来！我将先确定这是否是一个Backports的问题。最终,Backports将会整合到Ubuntu的bug报告机制中。
Cool. How do I install these?
See http://www.ubuntuguide.org/#extrarepositories
太棒了。那我该如何安装它们？
参考 http://www.ubuntuguide.org/#extrarepositories
Are there any mirrors?
Certainly. Please see http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/url.php . The mirror URL's replace
the "http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net" portion of the sources.list file.
*IMPORTANT NOTE*:I've recently noticed that some of our mirrors have gone out of date. So
far, the mirrormax mirror has been the best. When in doubt, mirrormax.
有镜像网站么 ？
当然有。请参考http://backport.ubuntuforums.org/url.php.
用其中的镜像网址替换sources.list文件里的"http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net"部分
*重要提示*:最近我发现我们的一些镜像已经无效了。到目前为止，mirrormax的镜像是最好的。如果有疑问，就用mirrormax.
Can I ask for packages to be backported?
Of course. Start a thread. There are, however, some guidelines the Backports team abide by
to preserve stability. Mainly:
Quote:
0 Only packages currently in Ubuntu's development branches are eligible for backporting
1 Backports of large, interdepending applications stacks are bad!
2 New versions can be backported, when they're compatible with already OS and System relevant libraries.
3 No new libraries, which will "break" or better say, affecting other applications (e.g. libvorbis, libz etc.) unless the update fixes an exploit (Brandon Hale suggests leaving these for the security team).
4 No changes to language interpreters (python, mono). These could affect existing packages in unexpected ways.
5 Applications to be backported must have meaningful bug/security fixes or features. When unsure, feel free to post the request anyway. We don't bite.
我可以要求把软件包加入backports么？
当然可以。在论坛里发布新帖吧。不过，Backports小组仍要遵循一些规则以保证稳定性。主要有：
引用：
0 只有目前在Ubuntu的发展分支里的软件包才适合加入Backports
1 不要将大容量的相互依赖的程序放在Backports里
2 新的版本可以被放入Backports里，只要他们与现有的操作系统系统和系统关联库兼容。
3 不要有新的库，它们会“破坏”或者说影响其它应用程序（比如，libvorbis,libz,等）除非更新可以
修复一个漏洞（Brandon Hale建议将这些留给安全小组处理
4 不要对语言解释程序(python,mono)作更改。这些会以意想不到的方式影响现有的软件包。
5 加入Backports的应用程序必须有重要的bug修复，安全修复或特征
如果不确定，尽管发上来吧，我们不会吃了你的:)
How can I help?
Most importantly, you may help me beta-test packages. I need support in this area the most.
To do so, see http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/ and add the "-staging" lines to your sources.list.
我能作些什么？
最重要的，你可以帮我作软件包的测试。我在这方面所需要的帮助最多。
为此，请参考http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/
并在你的sources.list里加上"-staging"行
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=40291
大家好！我是John Dong，Ubuntu Backpors 项目的创建人和领头人。这是一篇简短的文章。你将了解到这个项目的内容，如何设置它，如何参与到Backports的发展进程中来。
What are Backports?
Ubuntu releases a new version of its OS every 6 months. After a release, the version of all packages stays constant for the entire 6 months. For example, if Hoary ships with Firefox 1.0.1, Hoary will remain at Firefox 1.0.1 for the entire 6-month release cycle, even if 1.0.2, 1.0.3, or 1.0.4 gets released during this time. The Ubuntu team may apply important security fixes to 1.0.1, but any new features or non-security bugfixes won't be made available to Hoary.
什么是Backports?
Ubuntu 每六个月发布一个新版本的系统。一旦发布以后，所有包的版本都会在整整六个月里保持不变。例如，如果Hoary 和火狐（Firefox) 1.0.1 绑定,那么Hoary将整个六个月的发行周期里一直使用Firefox 1.0.1，尽管在这段时间发布了1.0.2,1.0.3或者1.0.4版本的firefox。Ubuntu团队可能会采用一些针对1.0.1版本的重要的安全补丁，但是其它任何新特性或非安全性的补丁将不会在Hoary中采用。
This is where Ubuntu Backports comes in. The Backports team believes that the best update policy is a mix of Ubuntu's security-only policy AND providing new versions of some programs. Candidates for version updates are primarily desktop applications, such as your web browser, word processor, IRC client, IM client, and so on. These can be updated without replacing a chunk of the operating system that would affect stability of the whole system.
这就是Ubuntu Backports产生的缘由。Backports团队相信最好的升级策略是在Ubuntu的唯安全政策的基础上再提供一些程序的新版本。版本更新的候选名单里主要是一些桌面程序，如你的网络浏览器，文字处理程序，IRC客户端，IM客户端等。这些程序的升级不会更换操作系统的组块，不会影响系统的整体稳定性
What are Extras?
Ubuntu already provides you with an enormous collection of packages that you may install using the Synaptic manager or the "apt-get" command. However, some programs are still not available via this system. Mainly, legally-risky packages fall under this category. Most multimedia formats are patent/royalty protected, and some freeware commercial Linux programs, like the official Acrobat Reader, also are protected by strict EULA's.
什么是Extras?
Ubuntu已经提供了大量的软件安装包，你可以通过新立得或者'apt-get'命令来安装。然而，仍然有一些程序不能通过系统来直接获取。大体上，带有法律风险的软件就属于此类。多数多媒体格式是受专利或版权保护的，还有一些自由软件，商业软件，例如官方的Acrobat Reader,也受严格的EULA规则限制。
The Extras repository holds these kinds of packages that aren't found in Ubuntu's package collection. Currently, this includes many media plugins and the FreeNX Remote Desktop Protocol, and many more.
额外档案库(Extras repository) 存有这些类型的软件包。它们在Ubuntu的软件包集合中是找不到的。目前，这包括许多多媒体插件和FreeNX远程桌面协议等。
Are Backports/Extras Safe to Install?
Yes. Each package goes through a tremendous amount of testing in a beta-testing region (-staging) before it's included in the stable branch that you'll be using.
安装Backports和Extras里的软件安全么 ？
是的。每个软件包在加入稳定版本中供你使用之前，都通过了在测试环境里（-staging）的大量测试
Is this project endorsed by the Ubuntu Team?
As of June 2005, we are an official Ubuntu project, so we are acknowledged by the developers. Therefore, the developers won't have issues with Backports users .
这个项目由Ubuntu小组支持么？
自2005年六月起，我们成为了Ubuntu的一个官方的小组，也就是说我们得到了程序开发者的承认。因此，程序开发人员不会与Backports的用户产生问题。
However, if you're trying to get support for a Backports package, or are filing a bug against one, please post here first! I'd like to make sure if it's a Backports problem.
Eventually, Backports will be integrated into the Ubuntu bug reporting mechanism.
然而，如果你想要有关Backports软件包的支持，或者想要修补一个程序bug，请先来贴到这里来！我将先确定这是否是一个Backports的问题。最终,Backports将会整合到Ubuntu的bug报告机制中。
Cool. How do I install these?
See http://www.ubuntuguide.org/#extrarepositories
太棒了。那我该如何安装它们？
参考 http://www.ubuntuguide.org/#extrarepositories
Are there any mirrors?
Certainly. Please see http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/url.php . The mirror URL's replace
the "http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net" portion of the sources.list file.
*IMPORTANT NOTE*:I've recently noticed that some of our mirrors have gone out of date. So
far, the mirrormax mirror has been the best. When in doubt, mirrormax.
有镜像网站么 ？
当然有。请参考http://backport.ubuntuforums.org/url.php.
用其中的镜像网址替换sources.list文件里的"http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net"部分
*重要提示*:最近我发现我们的一些镜像已经无效了。到目前为止，mirrormax的镜像是最好的。如果有疑问，就用mirrormax.
Can I ask for packages to be backported?
Of course. Start a thread. There are, however, some guidelines the Backports team abide by
to preserve stability. Mainly:
Quote:
0 Only packages currently in Ubuntu's development branches are eligible for backporting
1 Backports of large, interdepending applications stacks are bad!
2 New versions can be backported, when they're compatible with already OS and System relevant libraries.
3 No new libraries, which will "break" or better say, affecting other applications (e.g. libvorbis, libz etc.) unless the update fixes an exploit (Brandon Hale suggests leaving these for the security team).
4 No changes to language interpreters (python, mono). These could affect existing packages in unexpected ways.
5 Applications to be backported must have meaningful bug/security fixes or features. When unsure, feel free to post the request anyway. We don't bite.
我可以要求把软件包加入backports么？
当然可以。在论坛里发布新帖吧。不过，Backports小组仍要遵循一些规则以保证稳定性。主要有：
引用：
0 只有目前在Ubuntu的发展分支里的软件包才适合加入Backports
1 不要将大容量的相互依赖的程序放在Backports里
2 新的版本可以被放入Backports里，只要他们与现有的操作系统系统和系统关联库兼容。
3 不要有新的库，它们会“破坏”或者说影响其它应用程序（比如，libvorbis,libz,等）除非更新可以
修复一个漏洞（Brandon Hale建议将这些留给安全小组处理
4 不要对语言解释程序(python,mono)作更改。这些会以意想不到的方式影响现有的软件包。
5 加入Backports的应用程序必须有重要的bug修复，安全修复或特征
如果不确定，尽管发上来吧，我们不会吃了你的:)
How can I help?
Most importantly, you may help me beta-test packages. I need support in this area the most.
To do so, see http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/ and add the "-staging" lines to your sources.list.
我能作些什么？
最重要的，你可以帮我作软件包的测试。我在这方面所需要的帮助最多。
为此，请参考http://backports.ubuntuforums.org/
并在你的sources.list里加上"-staging"行
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=40291
ubuntu 5.10 +windowsxpsp2
HP NX6120
PM1.6+512M DDR333+915GM+40G HD+Combo
Life is Struggle!
HP NX6120
PM1.6+512M DDR333+915GM+40G HD+Combo
Life is Struggle!
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oneleaf
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