在ubuntu server版上不想定期的输入:apt-get update;apt-get upgrade来更新系统,能不能让系统自己自动检测更新,自动下载,自动安装呢?
就像windows的自动更新一样。
如何实现自动更新?
版面规则
我们都知道新人的确很菜,也喜欢抱怨,并且带有浓厚的Windows习惯,但既然在这里询问,我们就应该有责任帮助他们解决问题,而不是直接泼冷水、简单的否定或发表对解决问题没有任何帮助的帖子。乐于分享,以人为本,这正是Ubuntu的精神所在。
我们都知道新人的确很菜,也喜欢抱怨,并且带有浓厚的Windows习惯,但既然在这里询问,我们就应该有责任帮助他们解决问题,而不是直接泼冷水、简单的否定或发表对解决问题没有任何帮助的帖子。乐于分享,以人为本,这正是Ubuntu的精神所在。
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简单,先打开计划任务功能
默认情况下cron是打开的,查看你的/etc/crontab是不是和我的类似:
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# m h dom mon dow user command
17 * * * * root run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily
47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly
52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly
将某项任务加到计划来执行有两种方式,一种是直接编译/etc/crontab,按照格式书写命令,一行代表一个命令
或者直接将脚本放置到相应的目录,如每天执行就加到/etc/cron.daily里面;我这边有一个apt的脚本,LZ可以保存为apt后放到该目录下,修改权限为-rwxr-xr-x ,root,root
默认情况下cron是打开的,查看你的/etc/crontab是不是和我的类似:
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# m h dom mon dow user command
17 * * * * root run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily
47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly
52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly
将某项任务加到计划来执行有两种方式,一种是直接编译/etc/crontab,按照格式书写命令,一行代表一个命令
或者直接将脚本放置到相应的目录,如每天执行就加到/etc/cron.daily里面;我这边有一个apt的脚本,LZ可以保存为apt后放到该目录下,修改权限为-rwxr-xr-x ,root,root
代码: 全选
#!/bin/sh
#
#set -e
#
# This file understands the following apt configuration variables:
#
# "APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists=1"
# - Do "apt-get update" automatically every n-days (0=disable)
#
# "APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages=0",
# - Do "apt-get upgrade --download-only" every n-days (0=disable)
#
# "APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval"
# - Do "apt-get autoclean" every n-days (0=disable)
#
# "APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade"
# - Run the "unattended-upgrade" security upgrade script
# every n-days (0=disabled)
# Requires the package "unattended-upgrades" and will write
# a log in /var/log/unattended-upgrades
#
# "APT::Archives::MaxAge",
# - Set maximum allowed age of a cache package file. If a cache
# package file is older it is deleted (0=disable)
#
# "APT::Archives::MaxSize",
# - Set maximum size of the cache in MB (0=disable). If the cache
# is bigger, cached package files are deleted until the size
# requirement is met (the biggest packages will be deleted
# first).
#
# "APT::Archives::MinAge"
# - Set minimum age of a package file. If a file is younger it
# will not be deleted (0=disable). Usefull to prevent races
# and to keep backups of the packages for emergency.
#
check_stamp()
{
stamp="$1"
interval="$2"
if [ $interval -eq 0 ]; then
return 1
fi
if [ ! -f $stamp ]; then
return 0
fi
# compare midnight today to midnight the day the stamp was updated
stamp=$(date --date=$(date -r $stamp --iso-8601) +%s)
now=$(date --date=$(date --iso-8601) +%s)
delta=$(($now-$stamp))
# intervall is in days,
interval=$(($interval*60*60*24))
#echo "stampfile: $1"
#echo "interval=$interval, now=$now, stamp=$stamp, delta=$delta"
if [ $delta -ge $interval ]; then
return 0
fi
return 1
}
update_stamp()
{
stamp="$1"
touch $stamp
}
# we check here if autoclean was enough sizewise
check_size_constraints()
{
# min-age in days
MaxAge=0
MinAge=2
MaxSize=0
CacheDir="var/cache/apt"
CacheArchive="archives/"
eval $(apt-config shell MaxAge APT::Archives::MaxAge)
eval $(apt-config shell MinAge APT::Archives::MinAge)
eval $(apt-config shell MaxSize APT::Archives::MaxSize)
eval $(apt-config shell Dir Dir)
eval $(apt-config shell CacheDir Dir::Cache)
eval $(apt-config shell CacheArchive Dir::Cache::archives)
# sanity check
if [ -z "$CacheDir" -o -z "$CacheArchive" ]; then
echo "empty Dir::Cache or Dir::Cache::archives, exiting"
exit
fi
Cache="${Dir%/}/${CacheDir%/}/${CacheArchive%/}/"
# check age
if [ ! $MaxAge -eq 0 ] && [ ! $MinAge -eq 0 ]; then
find $Cache -name "*.deb" \( -mtime +$MaxAge -and -ctime +$MaxAge \) -and -not \( -mtime -$MinAge -or -ctime -$MinAge \) -print0 | xargs -r -0 rm -f
elif [ ! $MaxAge -eq 0 ]; then
find $Cache -name "*.deb" -ctime +$MaxAge -and -mtime +$MaxAge -print0 | xargs -r -0 rm -f
fi
# check size
if [ ! $MaxSize -eq 0 ]; then
# maxSize is in MB
MaxSize=$(($MaxSize*1024))
#get current time
now=$(date --date=$(date --iso-8601) +%s)
MinAge=$(($MinAge*24*60*60))
# reverse-sort by mtime
for file in $(ls -rt $Cache/*.deb 2>/dev/null); do
du=$(du -s $Cache)
size=${du%%/*}
# check if the cache is small enough
if [ $size -lt $MaxSize ]; then
break
fi
# check for MinAge of the file
if [ ! $MinAge -eq 0 ]; then
# check both ctime and mtime
mtime=$(stat -c %Y $file)
ctime=$(stat -c %Z $file)
if [ $mtime -gt $ctime ]; then
delta=$(($now-$mtime))
else
delta=$(($now-$ctime))
fi
#echo "$file ($delta), $MinAge"
if [ $delta -le $MinAge ]; then
#echo "Skiping $file (delta=$delta)"
break
fi
fi
# delete oldest file
rm -f $file
done
fi
}
UpdateInterval=0
DownloadUpgradeableInterval=0
eval $(apt-config shell UpdateInterval APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists DownloadUpgradeableInterval APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages)
AutocleanInterval=$DownloadUpgradeableInterval
eval $(apt-config shell AutocleanInterval APT::Periodic::Autoclean)
UnattendedUpgradeInterval=0
eval $(apt-config shell UnattendedUpgradeInterval APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade)
# laptop check, on_ac_power returns:
# 0 (true) System is on mains power
# 1 (false) System is not on mains power
# 255 (false) Power status could not be determined
# Desktop systems always return 255 it seems
if which on_ac_power >/dev/null; then
on_ac_power
if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
exit 0
fi
fi
UPDATE_STAMP=/var/lib/apt/periodic/update-stamp
if check_stamp $UPDATE_STAMP $UpdateInterval; then
if apt-get -qq update 2>/dev/null; then
if which dbus-send >/dev/null; then
dbus-send --system / app.apt.dbus.updated boolean:true
fi
update_stamp $UPDATE_STAMP
fi
fi
DOWNLOAD_UPGRADEABLE_STAMP=/var/lib/apt/periodic/download-upgradeable-stamp
if check_stamp $DOWNLOAD_UPGRADEABLE_STAMP $DownloadUpgradeableInterval; then
apt-get -qq -d dist-upgrade 2>/dev/null
update_stamp $DOWNLOAD_UPGRADEABLE_STAMP
fi
AUTOCLEAN_STAMP=/var/lib/apt/periodic/autoclean-stamp
if check_stamp $AUTOCLEAN_STAMP $AutocleanInterval; then
apt-get -qq autoclean
update_stamp $AUTOCLEAN_STAMP
fi
UPGRADE_STAMP=/var/lib/apt/periodic/upgrade-stamp
if check_stamp $UPGRADE_STAMP $UnattendedUpgradeInterval; then
unattended-upgrade
update_stamp $UPGRADE_STAMP
fi
# check cache size
check_size_constraints