http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html
14.Error messages reported by GRUB部分（多谢billbear大力协助，特此感谢！）
看到论坛里求助的各位菜鸟，有大量是有关grub启动失败的问题。确实，搞坏了系统到也没啥，大不了再灌一遍。可是搞坏了引导区可就头大了！想跑到另一个系统上网求助都不行！
我就是个爱折腾、又胆大心粗的菜鸟，特别能体会到这种无助的感觉。有次调整分区导致grub出错，linux进不去！XP进不去！连一向最放心的winPE也进不去了！真的是要崩溃啊
不过……
其实grub没有那么衰的，相反应该说是暴强喔
因为它会给出ERROR xxx，提示你为什么无法启动，而且我觉得大多数情况下就是你的问题所在，只可惜都是虫子，而且因条件限制没有表达得很具体，导致大家无法充分利用这些有用的信息，可惜了……网上搜了很久，基本都是高手们对零星问题的解答，你一言我一语的，参考起来很麻烦，一直没有看到全面点的翻译版，郁闷。
正所谓求人不如求鸡，自己动手疯医祖师！
作菜鸟也要有点专业精神嘛！硬起头皮自己干喽！大量借助星际和google，再加billbear大力帮忙，功夫不负有腥淫，初版搞掂！YEAH！便宜各位菜鸟了……
废话不说了，以下为正文。为方便阅读，我用蓝色大字标记出屏幕打印信息，其后为官方解释即中文翻译。
原则建议尽量参看英文信息，不过如果你和我一样看了虫子就头大的话……，喝喝，没办法，只好将就着看我的水平稍差的喘死累他大作了。当然，欢迎纠错！造福菜鸟！
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Error messages reported by GRUB
from http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html
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Errors Reported by the Stage 1
The general way that the Stage 1 handles errors is to print an error string and then halt. Pressing Ctrl-Alt-Del will reboot.
stage 1 处理错误的总体方式是打出一串错误信息并停止。这时按 <CTRL>-<ALT>-<DEL> 可以重启。
The following is a comprehensive list of error messages for the Stage 1:
以下是 stage 1 错误信息的完整列表：
"Hard Disk Error" The stage2 or stage1.5 is being read from a hard disk, and the attempt to determine the size and geometry of the hard disk failed.
硬盘错误
在从硬盘读取 stage 2 或 stage 1.5 的时候，未能确定硬盘的容量和结构参数
"Floppy Error" The stage2 or stage1.5 is being read from a floppy disk, and the attempt to determine the size and geometry of the floppy disk failed. It's listed as a separate error since the probe sequence is different than for hard disks.
软盘错误
在从软盘读取 stage 2 或 stage 1.5 的时候，未能确定软盘的容量和结构参数。这个错误被单独列出是因为软盘的检测过程与硬盘不同。
"Read Error" A disk read error happened while trying to read the stage2 or stage1.5.
读取错误
当试图读取 stage 2 或 stage 1.5 的时候，发生磁盘读取错误。
"Geom Error" The location of the stage2 or stage1.5 is not in the portion of the disk supported directly by the BIOS read calls. This could occur because the BIOS translated geometry has been changed by the user or the disk is moved to another machine or controller after installation, or GRUB was not installed using itself (if it was, the Stage 2 version of this error would have been seen during that process and it would not have completed the install).
物理错误
stage 2 或 stage 1.5 的位置不在能被 BIOS 读调用直接支持的磁盘区域。这可以是因为 BIOS 转换过来的结构参数已经被用户改变，或者在安装后磁盘被移动到另一台机器或另一个控制器上，或者 GRUB 不是 GRUB 自己安装的（如果是的话，这个错误的 stage 2 版本应该在安装过程中就已经出现并且不可能完成安装）。
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Errors Reported by the Stage 1.5
The general way that the Stage 1.5 handles errors is to print an error number in the form "Error: " and then halt. Pressing Ctrl-Alt-Del will reboot.
The error numbers correspond to the Errors Reported by the Stage 2 in the listed sequence.
参见Stage 2信息
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Errors Reported by the Stage 2
The general way that the Stage 2 handles errors is to abort the operation in question, print an error string, then (if possible) either continue based on the fact that an error occurred or wait for the user to deal with the error.
Stage 2 处理错误的总体方式是终止有问题的操作，打出错误信息，然后（如果可能的话）要么在已经出错的事实上继续执行，要么等待用户来处理错误。
The following is a comprehensive list of error messages for the Stage 2 (error numbers for the Stage 1.5 are listed before the colon in each description):
以下是全部的Stage 2 错误信息号（同样适用于Stage 1.5）
Error 1: "Filename must be either an absolute filename or blocklist" This error is returned if a filename is requested which doesn't fit the syntax/rules listed in the Filesystem Description.
1：文件名必须使用绝对路径或者区块列表
文件名不符合GRUB语法规范，详情请参见文件系统说明
Error 2 : "Bad file or directory type" This error is returned if a file requested is not a regular file, but something like a symbolic link, directory, or FIFO.
2：无效的文件或路径
指定文件不符合规范，比如指定了一个符号链接、目录或者浮点输入输出单元
Error 3 : "Bad or corrupt data while decompressing file" This error is returned if the run-length decompression code gets an internal error. This is usually from a corrupt file.
3：解压文件时发现已损坏的数据
解压缩时发现内部错误代码，这通常意味着文件以损坏。
Error 4 : Bad or incompatible header in compressed file This error is returned if the file header for a supposedly compressed file is bad.
4：损坏或者不兼容的压缩文件头信息
当一个被认为是压缩文件的文件头损坏时返回此错误。
Error 5 : Partition table invalid or corrupt This error is returned if the sanity checks on the integrity of the partition table fail. This is a bad sign.
5：分区表无效或损坏
当对分区表完整性的总体检查失败时返回此错误。这是个不好的迹象。
Error 6 : Mismatched or corrupt version of stage1/stage2 This error is returned if the install command points to incompatible or corrupt versions of the stage1 or stage2. It can't detect corruption in general, but this is a sanity check on the version numbers, which should be correct.
6：不匹配或坏损的 stage1/stage2 版本
当安装命令指向不匹配或坏损的 stage1 或 stage2 版本时返回此错误。它大体上并不能检测损坏，但这是对版本号的总体检查，应当要正确才是。
Error 7 : Loading below 1MB is not supported This error is returned if the lowest address in a kernel is below the 1MB boundary. The Linux zImage format is a special case and can be handled since it has a fixed loading address and maximum size.
7：不支持从低于 1MB （的地址）装载
当一个内核的起始地址低于 1MB 的边界时返回此错误。 Linux zImage 格式的内核是一个例外，能够（在低于1MB地址）处理，因为它有一个固定的装载地址并且最大尺寸有限。
Error 8 : Kernel must be loaded before booting This error is returned if GRUB is told to execute the boot sequence without having a kernel to start.
8：内核必须在开始引导系统之前被载入
GRUB开始执行引导系统时发现没有内核。
Error 9 : Unknown boot failure This error is returned if the boot attempt did not succeed for reasons which are unknown.
未知引导错误
因未知原因导致引导尝试失败。
Error 10 : Unsupported Multiboot features requested This error is returned when the Multiboot features word in the Multiboot header requires a feature that is not recognized. The point of this is that the kernel requires special handling which GRUB is probably unable to provide.
10：请求了不支持的多重引导特性
当多重引导头里的多重引导特征字请求了一个无法识别的特性时返回此错误。这个问题的要点在于内核需要某种也许GRUB无法提供的特殊处理。
Error 11 : Unrecognized device string This error is returned if a device string was expected, and the string encountered didn't fit the syntax/rules listed in the Filesystem.
11：无法识别的设备
设备标识符不符合预期文件系统的语法规范。详情请参见文件系统说明。
Error 12 : Invalid device requested This error is returned if a device string is recognizable but does not fall under the other device errors.
12：指定设备无效
当一个设备标识符可识别但是错误无法归类为其他的设备错误号时返回此错误。
Error 13 : Invalid or unsupported executable format This error is returned if the kernel image being loaded is not recognized as Multiboot or one of the supported native formats (Linux zImage or bzImage, FreeBSD, or NetBSD).
13：无效或不支持的可执行文件格式
当装载的内核映像不能被识别为多重启动（映像）或某种被支持的原生格式（如 Linux zImage 或 bzImage, FreeBSD, 或 NetBSD）时返回此错误。
Error 14 : Filesystem compatibility error, cannot read whole file Some of the filesystem reading code in GRUB has limits on the length of the files it can read. This error is returned when the user runs into such a limit.
14：文件系统兼容性错误，无法完整读取文件
某些文件系统在GRUB中有可读取长度限制，当超出时会出现此提示。
Error 15 : File not found This error is returned if the specified file name cannot be found, but everything else (like the disk/partition info) is OK.
15：没有找到文件
其他信息正确（如磁盘、分区），但没有找到指定文件。
Error 16 : Inconsistent filesystem structure This error is returned by the filesystem code to denote an internal error caused by the sanity checks of the filesystem structure on disk not matching what it expects. This is usually caused by a corrupt filesystem or bugs in the code handling it in GRUB.
16：文件系统结构不一致
这个错误由文件系统本身的代码返回，表示对磁盘上文件系统结构的总体检查结果和它所期望的不相符而产生的内部错误。这通常是由损坏的文件系统或 GRUB 里处理它的代码的 bug 所导致。
Error 17 : Cannot mount selected partition This error is returned if the partition requested exists, but the filesystem type cannot be recognized by GRUB.
17：无法挂载分区
指定分区存在，但文件系统无法被GRUB识别。
Error 18 : Selected cylinder exceeds maximum supported by BIOS This error is returned when a read is attempted at a linear block address beyond the end of the BIOS translated area. This generally happens if your disk is larger than the BIOS can handle (512MB for (E)IDE disks on older machines or larger than 8GB in general).
18：所选分区最大柱面数超出BIOS支持范围
所需读取的顺序区块超出BIOS支持区。这个错误通常发生于较早型号的电脑（对于某些(E)IDE硬盘，早期主板BIOS只能读取小于512M的区域并且整个硬盘不能大于8G）
Error 19 : Linux kernel must be loaded before initrd This error is returned if the initrd command is used before loading a Linux kernel.
19：Linux内核必须在initrd之前被载入。
这个错误通常是因为initrd语句被放到了Linux内核语句之前。
Error 20 : Multiboot kernel must be loaded before modules This error is returned if the module load command is used before loading a Multiboot kernel. It only makes sense in this case anyway, as GRUB has no idea how to communicate the presence of such modules to a non-Multiboot-aware kernel.
20：多重引导内核必须在模块之前加载
当模块加载命令在多重引导内核加载之前使用时返回此错误。然而（这个错误）只有在这种情况下（内核是 multiboot 内核）才有意义,因为 GRUB 完全不知道如何在这种模块和一个非 multiboot 内核之间通讯。
Error 21 : Selected disk does not exist This error is returned if the device part of a device- or full file name refers to a disk or BIOS device that is not present or not recognized by the BIOS in the system.
21：所选磁盘不存在
当一个设备或完整文件名的设备字部分指向系统里一个不存在的或无法被 BIOS 识别到的磁盘或 BIOS设备时返回此错误。
Error 22 : No such partition This error is returned if a partition is requested in the device part of a device- or full file name which isn't on the selected disk.
22：没有此分区
当在一个设备或完整文件名的设备字部分里请求一个指定磁盘上不存在的分区时返回此错误。
Error 23 : Error while parsing number This error is returned if GRUB was expecting to read a number and encountered bad data.
23：对数字的语法分析错误
当 GRUB 预期读到一个数字但是碰到非法数据时返回此错误。 看看billbear的详解
Error 24 : Attempt to access block outside partition This error is returned if a linear block address is outside of the disk partition. This generally happens because of a corrupt filesystem on the disk or a bug in the code handling it in GRUB (it's a great debugging tool).
24：所需访问区块超出分区
所需读取的顺序区块超出磁盘分区。通常是因为磁盘文件系统已被破坏，或者GRUB代码行有缺陷（GRUB也同时是一个很棒的调试工具）。
Error 25 : Disk read error This error is returned if there is a disk read error when trying to probe or read data from a particular disk.
25：磁盘读取错误
从磁盘分区查询或读取数据时出现磁盘读取错误。
Error 26 : Too many symbolic links This error is returned if the link count is beyond the maximum (currently 5), possibly the symbolic links are looped.
26：符号链接太多了
链接数超出允许值（目前为5个），有可能是符号链接被循环引用了。
Error 27 : Unrecognized command This error is returned if an unrecognized command is entered on the command-line or in a boot sequence section of a configuration file and that entry is selected.
27：无法识别的指令
命令行或者配置文件内选定项目的引导顺序字段中有无法识别的指令。
Error 28 : Selected item cannot fit into memory This error is returned if a kernel, module, or raw file load command is either trying to load its data such that it won't fit into memory or it is simply too big.
28：所选项目无法载入内存
内核、模块或者映像文件之一无法载入内存。有时可能只是因为太大了。
Error 29 : Disk write error This error is returned if there is a disk write error when trying to write to a particular disk. This would generally only occur during an install of set active partition command.
29 : 磁盘写入错误
试图写入指定磁盘时出错。这通常是因为激活分区失败所致。
Error 30 : Invalid argument This error is returned if an argument specified to a command is invalid.
30：无效的参数
某一命令行中存在无效参数。
Error 31 : File is not sector aligned This error may occur only when you access a ReiserFS partition by block-lists (e.g. the command install). In this case, you should mount the partition with the `-o notail' option.
31：文件所处扇区未对齐
这个错误只会发生在用户直接通过区块表访问ReiserFS分区时（例如从命令行安装系统）。如出现这种情况，则应该在分区挂载命令中加入`-o notail'选项。
Error 32 : Must be authenticated This error is returned if you try to run a locked entry. You should enter a correct password before running such an entry.
32：必须通过验证
这个信息出现于用户试图运行一个被保护的项目，此时你应该输入正确的密码才能继续后续操作。
Error 33 : Serial device not configured This error is returned if you try to change your terminal to a serial one before initializing any serial device.
33：无法配置串行设备
如果用户试图在所有串行设备初始化完成之前切换到其中之一时会发生此错误。
Error 34 : No spare sectors on the disk This error is returned if a disk doesn't have enough spare space. This happens when you try to embed Stage 1.5 into the unused sectors after the MBR, but the first partition starts right after the MBR or they are used by EZ-BIOS.
34：磁盘中无多余扇区
磁盘空间不足会出现此错误。原因是但用户试图将Stage 1.5写入到MBR后的未使用扇区时，但是第一个分区紧跟在MBR之后，或者这些扇区被EZ-BIOS所占用。
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OVER！
