Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS 用apt-get安装软件总是会出错？

[yaoike]

大家好，我是Ubuntu新手，初来乍到，遇到一些问题，还请大家指点一下，谢谢！

最近在VMware上安装了Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS,刚开始使用的时候一切都很正常，但是，最近，不知道怎么回事，一安装软件就会出错，我上google查了相关的出错信息，也按照上面的步骤去做了一遍，都无济于事，所以，在此向各位达人寻求帮助，请各位达人帮忙分析一下原因及如何解决？

问题描述如下：比如，我想安装dnsutils：

yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:~$ sudo apt-get install dnsutils
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dnsutils : Depends: libbind9-80 (= 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.6) but 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
Depends: libdns81 (= 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.6) but 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
Depends: libisc83 (= 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.6) but 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
Depends: libisccfg82 (= 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.6) but 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
Depends: liblwres80 (= 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.6) but 1:9.8.1.dfsg.P1-4ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
libc6 : Recommends: libc6-i686
Breaks: locales (< 2.17) but 2.13+git20120306-3 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:~$

此外，我试过google到的sudo apt-get clean; sudo apt-get update;方法
刚开始还很顺利，但到后面就出错了，这是出错信息。

Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en
Fetched 6,791 kB in 5min 37s (20.1 kB/s)
W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:
8B48AD6246925553
W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 40976EAF437D05B5 Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>
W: Size of file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_main_source_Sources is not what the server reported 0 121605
W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130214)/dists/precise/main/binary-i386/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs

W: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130214)/dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs

W: Failed to fetch http://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/ ... kagesIndex MD5Sum mismatch

W: Failed to fetch bzip2:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_source_Sources Hash Sum mismatch

W: Failed to fetch bzip2:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages Hash Sum mismatch

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:~$

[zhw2101024]

有没有自己修改过源列表？

[yaoike]

修改过：这是我的/etc/apt/sources.list文件内容：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130214)]/ precise main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130214)]/ precise main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main


deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing main non-free contrib
deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing main

[zhw2101024]

deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing main non-free contrib
deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing main

ubuntu怎么加了debian的源？真是乱来。
ubuntu确实是从debian构建的，但是不代表就能混在一起用啊

[yaoike]

你好，现在我把源改为163的，但是，sudo apt-get update还是会出错，请问是怎么回事？

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130214)]/ precise main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130214)]/ precise main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main



我尝试做了一个上午的操作，结果都不行，试了好多种方法：
cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.old
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt-get update

结果出错：
Hit http://mirrors.163.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages
Get:7 http://mirrors.163.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex [121 kB]
W: GPG error: http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 16126D3A3E5C1192
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.163.com precise Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.163.com precise-updates Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.163.com precise-backports Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.163.com precise-security Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5
E: Unable to parse package file /var/lib/apt/lists/mirrors.163.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages.IndexDiff (1)

然后我：
yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:/var/lib/apt$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 16126D3A3E5C1192

Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /tmp/tmp.d19XKZZpPB --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 16126D3A3E5C1192
gpg: requesting key 3E5C1192 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 3E5C1192: public key "Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1

yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:/var/lib/apt$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5

Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /tmp/tmp.8JeuehvPTZ --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5
gpg: requesting key 437D05B5 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 437D05B5: public key "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:/var/lib/apt$


都成功导入了，但为什么
再次update,还是会出错：
yaob@yaob-virtual-machine:/var/lib/apt$ sudo apt-get update
...
Hit http://mirrors.163.com precise-security/universe Translation-en
Get:12 http://mirrors.163.com precise-security/main Translation-en [140 kB]
Fetched 5,648 kB in 1min 5s (85.9 kB/s)
W: GPG error: http://mirrors.163.com precise-security Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 40976EAF437D05B5 Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/dists/pre ... i18n/Index

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/dists/pre ... i18n/Index No Hash entry in Release file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/mirrors.163.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_restricted_i18n_Index

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

前面那一个命令不是已经成功把40976EAF437D05B5给导入进去了吗？
请问我要怎么解决这个问题呢？我没有使用任何代理，深圳电信的网络。
非常感谢你前面的解答！

[zhw2101024]

BADSIG 40976EAF437D05B5

可能这个是debian源里的public key，在ubuntu的源里没找到，所以报错了。只是猜测，现在已经不用ubuntu了
帮你顶一下，希望有人愿意测试一下吧

[luojie-dune]

重装就好了，反正是虚拟机。

[yaoike]

哦，好的。我再装一次。主要是之前都是因为同样的问题重装了3次，每次都不知道原因。现在知道原因了，那就再装一次吧，多谢！