sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.18-106667~Ubuntu~xenial_amd64.deb
[sudo] password for haomao:
(Reading database ... 176739 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack virtualbox-5.0_5.0.18-106667~Ubuntu~xenial_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking virtualbox-5.0 (5.0.18-106667~Ubuntu~xenial) over (5.0.18-106667~Ubuntu~xenial) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of virtualbox-5.0:
virtualbox-5.0 depends on libqt4-opengl (>= 4:4.7.2); however:
Package libqt4-opengl is not installed.
virtualbox-5.0 depends on libsdl1.2debian (>= 1.2.11); however:
Package libsdl1.2debian is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package virtualbox-5.0 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu4) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.5-2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20160415-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
virtualbox-5.0

因为 dpkg 不会自动处理依赖。在命令行中用 dpkg -i 安装时，需要忽略可能出现的依赖错误，再用 apt-get -f install 自动补全缺失的依赖。

注意 运行 apt-get -f install 时，务必看清实际将要进行的操作。不确定时切勿盲目进行。

如果遇到困难，将命令行中的输出全部复制贴上来

若对版本没有特殊需求 建议从软件源安装 vbox 而非下载 deb 手动安装

安裝前 先把 virtualbox 來源 加入 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 目錄內
安裝時 使用 apt-get install 安裝
就自動解決相依套件的安裝

參見
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
Debian-based Linux distributions

優點
採用這個方法
當 Virtualbox 發行新版時 你在執行系統更新時 就同步自動更新到新版
這個時候 你要另外下載新版
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack
來安裝
同時 針對每個虛擬機 升級新版的 Guest Additions