Ubuntu14.04 升级 SSD 产生的疑问

[poloshiao]

fstrim 文件是ext4系统为了优化ssd而做的吗?

1. sudo dpkg -S fstrim
util-linux: /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim
表示 來自 util-linux 套件
2. util-linux 雜項系統工具
這個套件包含一些重要工具，其中大部份是用來維護你的系統。 這個套件裡一些較為重要的工具可以讓你分割你的硬碟、 查閱系統核心訊息、並建立新的檔案系統。
3. 安裝 Ubuntu 時 已預裝

为什么放在cron.weekly里面呢?

4. 參閱
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+sour ... ug/1281202
你也可以改變 例如
/etc/cron.daily/fstrim

如果错过cron.weekly的执行时间anacrontab是否会自动执行呢?

5. https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php ... 8#p1199758
can I force the execution of weekly jobs to check if they produce output on syslog (without waiting one week)?
Sure.
具體要看你的 anacrontab 如何寫

service --status-all
+,-, ? 各代表什么意思呢?

6. http://superuser.com/questions/367863/h ... status-all
[?] means the service status isn't known (the init file does not output a status)
[+] means the service is running
[-] means the service is not running

sysv-rc-conf 我用这个管理启动的服务...但好像不好使哦...
按 - 是关闭一项服务, 为什么开机还会启动呢?

7. sysv-rc-conf
SysV init runlevel configuration tool for the terminal
sysv-rc-conf provides a terminal GUI for managing "/etc/rc{runlevel}.d/"
symlinks. The interface comes in two different flavors, one that simply
allows turning services on or off and another that allows for more fine tuned
management of the symlinks. Unlike most runlevel config programs, you can
edit startup scripts for any runlevel, not just your current one.
8. SysV 是早期開機機制 漸漸被 Upstart 開機機制取代
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Ubunt ... g_Services
Please note that generally, you can use either traditional sysvinit scripts and the methods of working with them as well as the new upstart configs and the command: "service" interchangeably. It is however recommended you use the new upstart methods which are both forward and backward compatible.
8-1. sudo service lightdm start 就是 Upstart 的例子

9. Ubuntu 自 14.10 將引進另一個 開機機制 Systemd 將會漸漸取代 SysV 及 Upstart
http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=n ... px=MTY3NDY
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/systemd

[admin_xyz]

恩
问题4. 想替换vim的默认配色方案,于是下载了一个配色方案,放到/usr/share/vim/vim74/colors/, 然后我在/etc/vim/vimrc 里面添加一句colorscheme code
保存后没有效果...

代码： 全选

" Vim color file
" Converted from my Textmate Code School theme using Coloration
" http://astonj.com

set background=dark
highlight clear

if exists("syntax_on")
  syntax reset
endif

let g:colors_name = "code"

hi Cursor ctermfg=16 ctermbg=145 cterm=NONE guifg=#182227 guibg=#9ea7a6 gui=NONE
hi Visual ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=59 cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=#3f4b52 gui=NONE
hi CursorLine ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=23 cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=#2e373b gui=NONE
hi CursorColumn ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=23 cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=#2e373b gui=NONE
hi ColorColumn ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=23 cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=#2e373b gui=NONE
hi LineNr ctermfg=102 ctermbg=23 cterm=NONE guifg=#84898c guibg=#2a343a gui=NONE
hi VertSplit ctermfg=59 ctermbg=59 cterm=NONE guifg=#252c31 guibg=#252c31 gui=NONE
hi MatchParen ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=underline guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=underline
hi StatusLine ctermfg=231 ctermbg=59 cterm=bold guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=#575e61 gui=bold
hi StatusLineNC ctermfg=231 ctermbg=59 cterm=NONE guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=#575e61 gui=NONE
hi Pmenu ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi PmenuSel ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=59 cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=#3f4b52 gui=NONE
hi IncSearch ctermfg=16 ctermbg=107 cterm=NONE guifg=#182227 guibg=#8bb664 gui=NONE
hi Search ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=underline guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=underline
hi Directory ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Folded ctermfg=247 ctermbg=16 cterm=NONE guifg=#9a9a9a guibg=#182227 gui=NONE

hi Normal ctermfg=231 ctermbg=16 cterm=NONE guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=#252c31 gui=NONE
hi Boolean ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Character ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Comment ctermfg=247 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#9a9a9a guibg=NONE gui=italic
hi Conditional ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Constant ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Define ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi DiffAdd ctermfg=231 ctermbg=64 cterm=bold guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=#43820d gui=bold
hi DiffDelete ctermfg=88 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#880708 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi DiffChange ctermfg=231 ctermbg=23 cterm=NONE guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=#1c3657 gui=NONE
hi DiffText ctermfg=231 ctermbg=24 cterm=bold guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=#204a87 gui=bold
hi ErrorMsg ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi WarningMsg ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Float ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Function ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Identifier ctermfg=113 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#99cf50 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Keyword ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Label ctermfg=107 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#8bb664 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi NonText ctermfg=59 ctermbg=17 cterm=NONE guifg=#414e58 guibg=#232c31 gui=NONE
hi Number ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Operator ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi PreProc ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Special ctermfg=231 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi SpecialKey ctermfg=59 ctermbg=23 cterm=NONE guifg=#414e58 guibg=#252c31 gui=NONE
hi Statement ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi StorageClass ctermfg=113 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#99cf50 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi String ctermfg=107 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#8bb664 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Tag ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Title ctermfg=231 ctermbg=NONE cterm=bold guifg=#f0f0f0 guibg=NONE gui=bold
hi Todo ctermfg=247 ctermbg=NONE cterm=inverse,bold guifg=#9a9a9a guibg=NONE gui=inverse,bold,italic
hi Type ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#b5d8f6 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi Underlined ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=underline guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=underline
hi rubyClass ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyFunction ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyInterpolationDelimiter ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubySymbol ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyConstant ctermfg=146 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bfabcb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyStringDelimiter ctermfg=107 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#8bb664 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyBlockParameter ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyInstanceVariable ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyInclude ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyGlobalVariable ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRegexp ctermfg=179 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#e9c062 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRegexpDelimiter ctermfg=179 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#e9c062 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyEscape ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyControl ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyClassVariable ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyOperator ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyException ctermfg=180 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dda790 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyPseudoVariable ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRailsUserClass ctermfg=146 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bfabcb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRailsARAssociationMethod ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRailsARMethod ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRailsRenderMethod ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi rubyRailsMethod ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi erubyDelimiter ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi erubyComment ctermfg=247 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#9a9a9a guibg=NONE gui=italic
hi erubyRailsMethod ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi htmlTag ctermfg=111 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#89bdff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi htmlEndTag ctermfg=111 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#89bdff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi htmlTagName ctermfg=111 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#89bdff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi htmlArg ctermfg=111 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#89bdff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi htmlSpecialChar ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi javaScriptFunction ctermfg=113 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#99cf50 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi javaScriptRailsFunction ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi javaScriptBraces ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi yamlKey ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi yamlAnchor ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi yamlAlias ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi yamlDocumentHeader ctermfg=107 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#8bb664 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssURL ctermfg=74 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#68a9eb guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssFunctionName ctermfg=186 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#dad085 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssColor ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssPseudoClassId ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssClassName ctermfg=153 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#bcdbff guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssValueLength ctermfg=68 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#3c98d9 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssCommonAttr ctermfg=151 ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=#a7cfa3 guibg=NONE gui=NONE
hi cssBraces ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE guifg=NONE guibg=NONE gui=NONE

参照colors/desert.vim 我把文件名改为了code.vim,但是还是不好使...

求解

[admin_xyz]

代码： 全选

xyz@benben:~$ df -aTh
Filesystem     Type             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4              40G  641M   37G   2% /
proc           proc                0     0     0    - /proc
sysfs          sysfs               0     0     0    - /sys
none           tmpfs            4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none           fusectl             0     0     0    - /sys/fs/fuse/connections
none           debugfs             0     0     0    - /sys/kernel/debug
none           securityfs          0     0     0    - /sys/kernel/security
none           efivarfs            0     0     0    - /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
udev           devtmpfs         3.9G  4.0K  3.9G   1% /dev
devpts         devpts              0     0     0    - /dev/pts
tmpfs          tmpfs            3.9G  696K  3.9G   1% /tmp
tmpfs          tmpfs            794M  1.2M  793M   1% /run
none           tmpfs            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none           tmpfs            3.9G  152K  3.9G   1% /run/shm
none           tmpfs            100M   48K  100M   1% /run/user
none           pstore              0     0     0    - /sys/fs/pstore
/dev/sda2      ext4             566M   77M  448M  15% /boot
/dev/sda4      ext4              40G  3.8G   34G  11% /usr
/dev/sda5      ext4              15G  1.4G   13G  10% /var
/dev/sdb3      ext4             275G   47G  214G  19% /home
/dev/sda1      vfat             511M  3.4M  508M   1% /boot/efi
tmpfs          tmpfs            3.9G   36K  3.9G   1% /var/tmp
tmpfs          tmpfs            3.9G  744K  3.9G   1% /var/log
tmpfs          tmpfs            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /var/spool
systemd        cgroup              0     0     0    - /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd
gvfsd-fuse     fuse.gvfsd-fuse     0     0     0    - /run/user/1000/gvfs
xyz@benben:~$

一直习惯用谷歌, 但是小文件读写对ssd寿命会有影响, 所以我想把 chromium 的缓存写到 /tmp/chromium/ 下面...

于是百度之...

/usr/bin/chromium-browser --disk-cache-dir="/tmp/chromium_cache"

这样会直接启动chromium... 我不想开机启动chromium... 又想把缓存写到/tmp下...

[poloshiao]

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 696K 3.9G 1% /tmp

/tmp 掛載在 tmpfs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tmpfs
tmpfs is stored in volatile memory instead of a persistent storage device.
所以 /tmp 是暫存在 volatile memory

你的 RAM 是多少
如果 2G 以上
除非你跑很耗 RAM 的程式
不然可以 把 swap 關閉或取消

如果你的 RAM 有 4GB 以上
可以考慮在 RAM 劃出一部分組成 zram
把 swap 設在 zram
http://askubuntu.com/questions/174579/how-do-i-use-zram
http://www.webupd8.org/2011/10/increase ... -with.html
速度應該比 SSD 還快

又想把缓存写到/tmp下...

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Linux ... irectories
/tmp is a place for temporary files used by applications.
預設 暫時性檔案 就是 寫入 /tmp
關機會 歸零

[admin_xyz]

poloshiao, 请解决下92楼的问题呗...


一直习惯用谷歌, 但是小文件读写对ssd寿命会有影响, 所以我想把 chromium 的缓存写到 /tmp/chromium/ 下面...

于是百度之...

/usr/bin/chromium-browser --disk-cache-dir="/tmp/chromium_cache"

这样会直接启动chromium... 我不想开机启动chromium... 又想把缓存写到/tmp下...

还有这个...




那个zram我看了, 我的内存是8G, 用zram有必要吗? 我把swap都删了...

代码： 全选

  9 UUID=7e63b709-d464-4bd3-93c9-03c737ff9e1d /               ext4    noatime,errors=remount-ro 0       1
 10 # /boot was on /dev/sda2 during installation
 11 UUID=2c5fca73-6374-4e17-aec6-26d2e6475403 /boot           ext4    defaults        0       2
 12 
 13 
 14 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
 15 UUID=C818-FF27  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults        0       1
 16 
 17 # /usr was on /dev/sda4 during installation
 18 UUID=dc3e16f5-006c-4cb4-873d-9dff5e99b7c4 /usr            ext4    defaults        0       0
 19 # /var was on /dev/sda5 during installation
 20 UUID=d234acfd-7fab-4745-a498-980a5f053c93 /var            ext4    defaults        0       0 
 21 # swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation
 22 
 23 UUID=285baa7e-579a-402d-88ac-601d152e75f9 /home           ext4    defaults        0       0 
 24 # /home was on /dev/sdb3 during installation
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 #   Optimization of SSD
 29 tmpfs /tmp     tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
 30 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
 31 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
 32 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
~                                                                   

[poloshiao]

那个zram我看了, 我的内存是8G, 用zram有必要吗?

參閱
http://askubuntu.com/questions/298018/d ... thout-swap
Does installing zRam have any advantages on a system without SWAP?
http://askubuntu.com/questions/149031/d ... -any-sense
Does using both tmpfs and zram make any sense?

如果你的 RAM 剩下許多空閒容量
如果你有需要設定 SWAP
可以試試設定 zram 把 swap 掛載在 zram
當練習 折騰折騰 由做中學習 也很好
有心得 記得分享

[poloshiao]

想替换vim的默认配色方案

vim 有好幾套 套件
先確認 你是安裝哪個套件名稱
sudo dpkg -l | grep vim

[admin_xyz]

想替换vim的默认配色方案

vim 有好幾套 套件
先確認 你是安裝哪個套件名稱
sudo dpkg -l | grep vim

xyz@benben:~$ sudo dpkg -l | grep vim
[sudo] password for xyz:
ii vim 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
ii vim-common 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - Common files
ii vim-gnome 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - with GNOME2 GUI
ii vim-gui-common 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 all Vi IMproved - Common GUI files
ii vim-runtime 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 all Vi IMproved - Runtime files
ii vim-tiny 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version
xyz@benben:~$

[poloshiao]

ii vim 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
ii vim-gnome 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - with GNOME2 GUI
ii vim-tiny 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version

1. 這三個是獨立互不相依的套件
意思是 可以獨立安裝或移除

ii vim 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor

2. sudo dpkg -L vim | grep bin
/usr/bin/vim.basic

ii vim-gnome 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - with GNOME2 GUI

3. sudo dpkg -L vim-gnome | grep bin
/usr/bin/vim.gnome

ii vim-tiny 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version

4. sudo dpkg -L vim-tiny | grep bin
/usr/bin/vim.tiny

5. 從終端機
5-1. sudo ls -al /usr/bin/vi
5-2. sudo ls -al /etc/alternatives/vi
把結果直接複製貼上來

[admin_xyz]

xyz@benben:~$ sudo dpkg -L vim | grep bin
[sudo] password for xyz:
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/vim.basic
xyz@benben:~$ sudo vim /usr/bin/vim.basic
xyz@benben:~$ sudo dpkg -L vim-tiny | grep bin
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/vim.tiny
xyz@benben:~$ sudo ls -al /usr/bin/vi
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Sep 18 18:55 /usr/bin/vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi
xyz@benben:~$ sudo ls -al /etc/alternatives/vi
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Sep 21 11:08 /etc/alternatives/vi -> /usr/bin/vim.gnome
xyz@benben:~$

[poloshiao]

sudo ls -al /usr/bin/vim
/usr/bin/vim -> /etc/alternatives/vim
sudo ls -al /etc/alternatives/vi
/etc/alternatives/vi -> /usr/bin/vim.gnome

sudo ls -al /usr/bin/vi
/usr/bin/vi -> /etc/alternatives/vi
sudo ls -al /etc/alternatives/vi
/etc/alternatives/vi -> /usr/bin/vim.gnome

sudo dpkg -L vim-gnome | grep bin
/usr/bin/vim.gnome

1. 表示 當你使用
sudo vim 或 vi 文字檔案 時
實際啟動的指令是
/usr/bin/vim.gnome
1-1. vim.gnome 指令來自
vim-gnome 套件

2. sudo dpkg -L vim-gnome | grep doc
/usr/share/doc/vim-gnome
這個目錄裡面有專屬於 vim-gnome 的說明文件

3. 進一步參閱
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxT ... ed_vi.html
Linux vi and vim editor: Tutorial and advanced features

问题4. 想替换vim的默认配色方案,于是下载了一个配色方案,放到/usr/share/vim/vim74/colors/, 然后我在/etc/vim/vimrc 里面添加一句colorscheme code
保存后没有效果...

4. http://stackoverflow.com/a/22520443
color support
vim runs in terminal, if you set up your terminal correctly, vim supports 256 (or 88) colors. however gvim can support from 000000 - FFFFFF colors.
4-1. 查一下 你下載的 配色方案 是 幾色的
/etc/vim/vimrc 只支援 256 色
/etc/vim/gvimrc 可支援到 16777216 色

5. sudo dpkg -S /etc/vim/vimrc
vim-common: /etc/vim/vimrc
/etc/vim/vimrc 來自 vim-common 套件
vim-common 套件 是 vim / vim-tiny / vim-gnome 的共同相依套件
意思是 vim / vim-tiny / vim-gnome 都有 /etc/vim/vimrc 設定檔

6. sudo dpkg -S /etc/vim/gvimrc
vim-gui-common: /etc/vim/gvimrc
/etc/vim/gvimrc 來自 vim-gui-common 套件
6-1. sudo apt-rdepends -r vim-gui-common | grep vim
vim-gnome
只有 vim-gnome 相依於 vim-gui-common
vim / vim-tiny 不相依於 vim-gui-common
意思是 只有使用 vim-gnome
才有 /etc/vim/gvimrc 設定檔
6-2. 你目前正好使用 vim-gnome

7. 建議
如果配色方案在 256 色以上 16777216 色 以下
試試
把配色方案寫在 /etc/vim/gvimrc
7-1. 參閱
http://note.drx.tw/2010/10/gvim.html
這個例子的 gvim
你可以想成
vim-gui-common 或 vim-gnome 的同義詞
7-2. 在不同系統 gvim 的定義 可能稍有差異

[admin_xyz]

我想把chromium的缓存写到/tmp/cache里面...

/usr/bin/chromium-browser --disk-cache-dir="/tmp/chromium_cache"

论坛里面搜到的是这样解决的...

放到命令行里去执行的话会直接打开chromium.我想每次打开chromium就把缓存写到 /tmp/cache里面

[poloshiao]

我想把chromium的缓存写到/tmp/cache里面...

http://askubuntu.com/a/68248/198920
預設就是 /tmp
應該不需額外指定

如果你要指定特定目錄
http://blog.longwin.com.tw/2011/01/linu ... -ram-2011/
http://thinkwhere.wordpress.com/2010/04 ... for-speed/

[admin_xyz]

我想把chromium的缓存写到/tmp/cache里面...

http://askubuntu.com/a/68248/198920
預設就是 /tmp
應該不需額外指定

如果你要指定特定目錄
http://blog.longwin.com.tw/2011/01/linu ... -ram-2011/
http://thinkwhere.wordpress.com/2010/04 ... for-speed/

恩,谢谢大大,问题解决了

xyz@benben:~$ ll /dev/shm/Default/
total 0
drwx------ 3 xyz xyz 60 Oct 10 10:38 ./
drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 180 Oct 10 10:53 ../
drwx------ 2 xyz xyz 400 Oct 10 10:53 Cache/
xyz@benben:~$ ll ~/.cache/chromium
lrwxrwxrwx 1 xyz xyz 9 Oct 10 10:37 /home/xyz/.cache/chromium -> /dev/shm//
xyz@benben:~$




大大,我还有一个问题


每次打开virtualbox都会提示
virtualbox无法启动Kernel driver not installed (rc=-1908)

于是找到答案, 打开virtualbox之前,载入vboxdrv模块就好了.
xyz@benben:~$ sudo modprobe vboxdrv
xyz@benben:~$


是因为我把virtualbox的开机服务停止了吗...我觉得应该是的...

syrv-rc-conf 里面 如果某个服务在6个运行等级上都没有X的话还会开机启动吗?

[poloshiao]

每次打开virtualbox都会提示
virtualbox无法启动Kernel driver not installed (rc=-1908)

先從 host 終端機
sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup
如果還無效
試試
http://askubuntu.com/a/499040/198920
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential dkms
sudo apt-get remove --purge virtualbox-dkms
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-dkms

syrv-rc-conf 里面 如果某个服务在6个运行等级上都没有X的话还会开机启动吗?

開機啟動機制有很多種
SysV 只是早期的一種
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init#SysV. ... E.E6.A0.BC
很多人一直努力地從某些方面改進傳統的 init 守護行程，使它變得更完善。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init#.E5.8 ... E.E6.A0.BC

如果還有 virtualbox 的問題
請提供
virtualbox 版本
Host 作業系統與版本
Guest 作業系統與版本
因為很多答案會因版本不同而不一樣