看到论坛有一些朋友装好Ubuntu后无法利用主板的传感器监控硬件状态，论坛里也没有帖子介绍这个(也许有,是我没看到),把自己的安装心得写出来，希望对刚接触Ubuntu的人有些帮助。
首先说下我的配置,4年前的机器:
代码:
CPU：AMD Athlon XP 2200+
主板：Soltek SL-KT400-C
操作系统：Ubuntu Feisty 7.04
由于CPU的散热风扇效果不是很好，夏天最热的时候CPU温度高到70几度，所以在Windows下有采用CPU idle的方式行降温。安装Ubuntu后对机器的状态自然就比较重视了，特别关心CPU的温度，所以经过Google,Baidu后总结得到的安装方法：
第一步：安装lm-sensors和sensors-applet(也可以选用后面新找到的一个软件CompTemp Monitor)，打开终端输入：
代码:
sudo apt-get install lm-sensors sensors-applet
根据提示键入Root密码，然后等待下载并安装完后关闭终端。在你想要显示传感器温度的面板位置右键，选择“添加到面板”菜单命令，在列表中选择“Hardware Sensors Monitor”后单击“添加”按钮即可添加该Applet程序。能直接检测到传感器那最好了。如果没有检测到传感器(我的就没有显示)，显示”No sensors found”则转到下一步。
第二步：手动配置传感器：
Ubuntu安装的时候可能没有对传感器进行配置,需要手动配置传感器。lm-sensors软件提供了一个非常好的命令：sensors-detect，会自动侦测所需模块,类似Windows软件常见的“下一步”模式，引导你配置好传感器,向导中的问题按提示回答“Yes”或者"ENTER".一般一路下去输入"Yes"/"ENTER"就可以了,我检测配置的时候就一路Yes和ENTER.
在终端输入：
代码:
sudo sensors-detect
过程：
代码:
louis@Ubuntu-desktop:~$ sudo sensors-detect
# sensors-detect revision 4171 (2006-09-24 03:37:01 -0700)
This program will help you determine which kernel modules you need
to load to use lm_sensors most effectively. It is generally safe
and recommended to accept the default answers to all questions,
unless you know what you're doing.
We can start with probing for (PCI) I2C or SMBus adapters.
Do you want to probe now? (YES/no): yes
Probing for PCI bus adapters...
Use driver `i2c-viapro' for device 0000:00:11.0: VIA Technologies VT8233A/8235 South Bridge
We will now try to load each adapter module in turn.
Module `i2c-viapro' already loaded.
If you have undetectable or unsupported adapters, you can have them
scanned by manually loading the modules before running this script.
To continue, we need module `i2c-dev' to be loaded.
Do you want to load `i2c-dev' now? (YES/no): yes
Module loaded successfully.
We are now going to do the I2C/SMBus adapter probings. Some chips may
be double detected; we choose the one with the highest confidence
value in that case.
If you found that the adapter hung after probing a certain address,
you can specify that address to remain unprobed.
Next adapter: SMBus Via Pro adapter at 0400
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
Client found at address 0x4c
Handled by driver `lm90' (already loaded), chip type `lm90'
Client found at address 0x4e
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM75'... No
Probing for `Dallas Semiconductor DS1621'... No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1021'... No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1021A/ADM1023'... No
Probing for `Maxim MAX1617'... No
Probing for `Maxim MAX1617A'... No
Probing for `TI THMC10'... No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM84'... No
Probing for `Genesys Logic GL523SM'... No
Probing for `Onsemi MC1066'... No
Probing for `Maxim MAX1619'... No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM82/LM83'... No
Probing for `Maxim MAX6659'... No
Probing for `Maxim MAX6633/MAX6634/MAX6635'... No
Probing for `ITE IT8201R/IT8203R/IT8206R/IT8266R'... No
Probing for `Fintek F75111R/RG/N (GPIO)'... No
Probing for `Fintek F75121R/F75122R/RG (VID+GPIO)'... No
Client found at address 0x50
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'... No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'... No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'... Success!
(confidence 8, driver `eeprom')
Probing for `EDID EEPROM'... No
Probing for `Maxim MAX6900'... No
Client found at address 0x51
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'... No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'... No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'... Success!
(confidence 8, driver `eeprom')
Client found at address 0x69
Some chips are also accessible through the ISA I/O ports. We have to
write to arbitrary I/O ports to probe them. This is usually safe though.
Yes, you do have ISA I/O ports even if you do not have any ISA slots!
Do you want to scan the ISA I/O ports? (YES/no): yes
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM78' at 0x290... No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM78-J' at 0x290... No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM79' at 0x290... No
Probing for `Winbond W83781D' at 0x290... No
Probing for `Winbond W83782D' at 0x290... No
Probing for `Winbond W83627HF' at 0x290... No
Probing for `Silicon Integrated Systems SIS5595'... No
Probing for `VIA VT82C686 Integrated Sensors'... No
Probing for `VIA VT8231 Integrated Sensors'... No
Probing for `AMD K8 thermal sensors'... No
Probing for `IPMI BMC KCS' at 0xca0... No
Probing for `IPMI BMC SMIC' at 0xca8... No
Some Super I/O chips may also contain sensors. We have to write to
standard I/O ports to probe them. This is usually safe.
Do you want to scan for Super I/O sensors? (YES/no): yes
Probing for Super-I/O at 0x2e/0x2f
Trying family `ITE'... Yes
Found `ITE IT8705F Super IO Sensors' Success!
(address 0x290, driver `it87')
Trying family `National Semiconductor'... No
Trying family `SMSC'... No
Trying family `VIA/Winbond/Fintek'... No
Probing for Super-I/O at 0x4e/0x4f
Trying family `ITE'... Yes
Found `ITE IT8705F Super IO Sensors' Success!
(address 0x290, driver `it87')
Trying family `National Semiconductor'... No
Trying family `SMSC'... No
Trying family `VIA/Winbond/Fintek'... No
Now follows a summary of the probes I have just done.
Just press ENTER to continue: ENTER
Driver `lm90' (should be inserted):
Detects correctly:
* Bus `SMBus Via Pro adapter at 0400'
Busdriver `i2c-viapro', I2C address 0x4c
Chip `lm90' (confidence: 6)
Driver `eeprom' (should be inserted):
Detects correctly:
* Bus `SMBus Via Pro adapter at 0400'
Busdriver `i2c-viapro', I2C address 0x50
Chip `SPD EEPROM' (confidence: 8)
* Bus `SMBus Via Pro adapter at 0400'
Busdriver `i2c-viapro', I2C address 0x51
Chip `SPD EEPROM' (confidence: 8)
EEPROMs are *NOT* sensors! They are data storage chips commonly
found on memory modules (SPD), in monitors (EDID), or in some
laptops, for example.
Driver `it87' (should be inserted):
Detects correctly:
* ISA bus address 0x0290 (Busdriver `i2c-isa')
Chip `ITE IT8705F Super IO Sensors' (confidence: 9)
I will now generate the commands needed to load the required modules.
Just press ENTER to continue: ENTER
To make the sensors modules behave correctly, add these lines to
/etc/modules:
#----cut here----
# I2C adapter drivers
i2c-viapro
# Chip drivers
lm90
eeprom
it87
#----cut here----
#上面的内容是关键,列举了启动时要载入的模块,检测结果和我在Windows下用EVEREST Ultimate软件查得到主板的情况一致:VIA KT400的芯片组和传感器ITE IT8705F, National LM90 (ISA 290h, SMBus 4Ch),如果上述检测未能找到出你主板上的传感器,查看/usr/share/doc/lm-sensors/doc/lm_sensors-FAQ.html 或者去lm-sensors wiki:http://www.lm-sensors.org/wiki 查找解决方法.
Do you want to add these lines to /etc/modules automatically? (yes/NO)yes
确认添加的模块:
代码:
sudo gedit /etc/modules
打开/etc/modules查看：
代码:
louis@Ubuntu-desktop:~$ sudo gedit /etc/modules
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
fuse
lp
# Generated by sensors-detect on Sat May 19 22:57:41 2007
# I2C adapter drivers
i2c-viapro
# Chip drivers
lm90
eeprom
it87
第三步:安装其它监控软件xsensors，ksensors，gdesklets(gdesklets里有很多桌面小程序)，Gkrellm，hddtemp等,自己选择安装.
代码:
sudo apt-get install xsensors或者ksensors(KDE中推荐使用ksensors)
代码:
sudo apt-get install gdesklets gkrellm
安装硬盘温度监控:
代码:
sudo apt-get install hddtemp
安装完后重启系统就能正确监控了.
终端中输入sensors命令或者用xsensors或者ksensors就可随时监控CPU温度,风扇转速等硬件状态.
代码:
louis@Ubuntu-desktop:~$ sensors
lm90-i2c-0-4c
Adapter: SMBus Via Pro adapter at 0400
M/B Temp: +37°C (low = +0°C, high = +70°C)
CPU Temp: +45.0°C (low = +0.0°C, high = +70.0°C)
M/B Crit: +85°C (hyst = +75°C)
CPU Crit: +75°C (hyst = +65°C)
it87-isa-0290
Adapter: ISA adapter
VCore 1: +1.50 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +4.08 V)
VCore 2: +2.53 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +4.08 V)
+3.3V: +3.33 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +4.08 V)
+5V: +4.92 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +6.85 V)
+12V: +11.97 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +16.32 V)
-12V: -19.75 V (min = -27.36 V, max = +3.93 V)
-5V: -0.62 V (min = -13.64 V, max = +4.03 V)
Stdby: +3.87 V (min = +0.00 V, max = +6.85 V)
VBat: +2.03 V
fan1: 3013 RPM (min = 2008 RPM, div = 8)
fan2: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM, div = 8)
M/B Temp: +42°C (low = +127°C, high = +65°C) sensor = thermistor
CPU Temp: -55°C (low = -1°C, high = +127°C) sensor = thermistor
Temp3: -20°C (low = -1°C, high = +127°C) sensor = thermistor
显示结果中有些数值是不正确的,但是硬件实际的工作状态可能是正常的,只是显示问题.无效的项或者错误的项可以进行修改.
代码:
sudo gedit /etc/sensors.conf
搜索自己主板传感器配置段,比如我的就要搜索"lm90","it87"关键词,修改正确的电压显示表达式,过滤的无效项.哈哈,本人英语不过关,还在努力中,具体查看/usr/share/doc/lm-sensors/doc/lm_sensors-FAQ.html或者
http://www.lm-sensors.org/wiki/iwizard/1.
————————以下内容适用于使用Athlon/Duron处理器的系统—————————————————————————————————————
另外，前面提到了我的CPU夏天温度高到70几度,虽然主板有CPU烧不死的保护技术，还是有点恐怖,所以想采用CPU idle的方式进行降温,找到这么一个小软件Athcool，适用于采用Athlon/Duron处理器的系统。
安装降温软件Athcool:
代码:
sudo apt-get install athcool
查看它支持的芯片组:
代码:
athcool list
使用athcool开始降温:
代码:
sudo athcool on
打开xsensors看了下,CPU温度下降了10度左右,效果非常明显，不过麻烦的是每次开机要去运行它,这个夏天不用为CPU温度发愁了哈!!
-----------------CompTemp Monitor--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
推荐一个新找到的监控软件CompTemp Monitor,功能和sensors-applet差不多差不多,中文界面
安装完成后,在你想要显示传感器温度的面板位置右键，选择“添加到面板”菜单命令，在列表中选择“Computer Temperature Monitor”后单击“添加”按钮即可添加该Applet程序。
网站：
http://computertemp.berlios.de/screenshots.php
http://www.gnomefiles.org/app.php/CompTemp_Monitor
下载地址：
Ubuntu Feisty package
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