[介绍]64位系统中安装wine

[nae6taiyie0T]

现在都在用multiarch作为跨构架运行程序的手段. 比如, 我们最常接触到的就是64位系统中运行32位的程序, 现在处理起来也是非常简单的.
下文以安装wine为例, 来作简单介绍.
1. 开启multiarch.
debian 当前默认没有开启multiarch, Fedora 和ubuntu中已经在安装LiveCD时被开启了(这一步可忽略).
debian 64位系统中, 没有开启multiarch时, 搜索wine的结果是:

代码： 全选

~ # aptitude search wine
p   gnome-wine-icon-theme                                              - red variation of the GNOME-Colors icon theme                                 
p   libkwineffects1abi4                                                - library used by effects for the KDE window manager                           
p   libwine-gecko-1.4                                                  - Windows API implementation - web browser module                              
p   libwine-gecko-dbg-1.4                                              - Windows API implementation - web browser debug build                         
p   q4wine                                                             - Qt4 GUI for wine (WINE)                                                      
p   shiki-wine-theme                                                   - red variation of the Shiki-Colors theme                                      
p   wine                                                               - Windows API implementation - standard suite                                  
p   wine-doc                                                           - Windows API implementation - documentation                                   
p   wine-unstable                                                      - Windows API implementation - standard suite                                  
p   wine64-bin                                                         - Windows API implementation - binary loader                                   
p   winetricks                                                         - package manager for WINE to install software easily      

现在启用多架构功能:

代码： 全选

# dpkg --add-architecture i386
# aptitude update

等软件列表更新完成后, 再找一下wine:

代码： 全选

~ # aptitude search wine
p   gnome-wine-icon-theme                                              - red variation of the GNOME-Colors icon theme                                 
p   libkwineffects1abi4                                                - library used by effects for the KDE window manager                           
p   libkwineffects1abi4:i386                                           - library used by effects for the KDE window manager                           
v   libwine                                                            -                                                                              
p   libwine:i386                                                       - Windows API implementation - library                                         
p   libwine-alsa:i386                                                  - Windows API implementation - ALSA sound module                               
p   libwine-alsa-unstable:i386                                         - Windows API implementation - ALSA sound module                               
p   libwine-bin:i386                                                   - Windows API implementation - system services                                 
p   libwine-bin-unstable:i386                                          - Windows API implementation - system services                                 
p   libwine-capi:i386                                                  - Windows API implementation - ISDN module                                     
p   libwine-capi-unstable:i386                                         - Windows API implementation - ISDN module                                     
p   libwine-cms:i386                                                   - Windows API implementation - color management module                         
p   libwine-cms-unstable:i386                                          - Windows API implementation - color management module                         
p   libwine-dbg:i386                                                   - Windows API implementation - debugging symbols                               
p   libwine-dbg-unstable:i386                                          - Windows API implementation - debugging symbols                               
p   libwine-dev:i386                                                   - Windows API implementation - development files                               
p   libwine-dev-unstable:i386                                          - Windows API implementation - development files                               
p   libwine-gecko-1.4                                                  - Windows API implementation - web browser module                              
v   libwine-gecko-1.4:i386                                             -                                                                              
p   libwine-gecko-dbg-1.4                                              - Windows API implementation - web browser debug build                         
v   libwine-gecko-dbg-1.4:i386                                         -                                                                              
p   libwine-gl:i386                                                    - Windows API implementation - OpenGL module                                   
p   libwine-gl-unstable:i386                                           - Windows API implementation - OpenGL module                                   
p   libwine-gphoto2:i386                                               - Windows API implementation - camera module                                   
p   libwine-gphoto2-unstable:i386                                      - Windows API implementation - camera module                                   
p   libwine-ldap:i386                                                  - Windows API implementation - LDAP module                                     
p   libwine-ldap-unstable:i386                                         - Windows API implementation - LDAP module                                     
p   libwine-openal:i386                                                - Windows API implementation - OpenAL module                                   
p   libwine-openal-unstable:i386                                       - Windows API implementation - OpenAL module                                   
p   libwine-oss:i386                                                   - Windows API implementation - OSS sound module                                
p   libwine-oss-unstable:i386                                          - Windows API implementation - OSS sound module                                
p   libwine-print:i386                                                 - Windows API implementation - printing module                                 
p   libwine-print-unstable:i386                                        - Windows API implementation - printing module                                 
p   libwine-sane:i386                                                  - Windows API implementation - scanner module                                  
p   libwine-sane-unstable:i386                                         - Windows API implementation - scanner module                                  
p   libwine-unstable:i386                                              - Windows API implementation - library                                         
p   q4wine                                                             - Qt4 GUI for wine (WINE)                                                      
p   q4wine:i386                                                        - Qt4 GUI for wine (WINE)                                                      
p   shiki-wine-theme                                                   - red variation of the Shiki-Colors theme                                      
p   wine                                                               - Windows API implementation - standard suite                                  
p   wine:i386                                                          - Windows API implementation - standard suite                                  
v   wine-bin                                                           -                                                                              
p   wine-bin:i386                                                      - Windows API implementation - binary loader                                   
v   wine-bin-unstable                                                  -                                                                              
p   wine-bin-unstable:i386                                             - Windows API implementation - binary loader                                   
p   wine-doc                                                           - Windows API implementation - documentation                                   
p   wine-unstable                                                      - Windows API implementation - standard suite                                  
p   wine-unstable:i386                                                 - Windows API implementation - standard suite                                  
p   wine64-bin                                                         - Windows API implementation - binary loader                                   
p   winetricks                                                         - package manager for WINE to install software easily                          
v   winetricks:i386                                                    -                                                       

这里, 要注意一点, 你的软件源(/etc/apt/sources.list)需要同时有amd64, i386这两个的程序库, 大多数源都会同时有提供的, 比如163, sohu, ustc的都可以的.

2. 下面的就很简单了, 和往常一样, 直接安装就可以了:

代码： 全选

 # aptitude install wine

另外, 如果要用wine来运行32位的游戏的话(比如CS, War3...), 还需要安装32位的libGL.so. 以nvidia的显卡为例, 可以这样:
* 如果你之前已经安装了64位的nvidia闭源驱动, 只需要再安装32位的就可以了.

代码： 全选

 # aptitude install libgl1-nvidia-glx:i386

* 如果还没有安装闭源驱动, 直接安装就行了, 它会同时自动安装32位的库的.

代码： 全选

 # aptitude install nvidia-driver

[yuguorui]

刚刚就在编译wine，支持下